Evaluating the influence of mixture composition on the kinetics of salt damage in wall paintings using time lapse video imaging with direct data annotation

This paper presents an examination of the timescale of phase transition behaviour of a series of salts known to cause damage to wall paintings and other cultural property. The rate of deliquescence and crystallisation of single salts (nitromagnesite and halite) under different RH regimes, and the extent to which this was affected when mixed with other salts (niter, nitratite and gypsum), was investigated. The study was conducted using simple conventional techniques (mass measurements over time) and also using an innovative new method: timelapse video imaging with online data annotation. The results demonstrate the synergy gained from combining video imaging with environmental data in reference to time in the study of salt phase changes: where it revealed new information concerning the kinetics of deliquescence and crystallisation. The implications of these results for the implementation of environmental control measures within historic buildings are discussed.

福建地区的大风

本文分析了福建地区大风的时空变化。结果表茫,沿海和岛屿大风明显多于内陆,高山之顶多于河谷山地。沿海、岛屿秋冬大风多,强度弱,灾害轻;春在风较少,强度大,灾害重。内陆山地大风春夏多,强度大;秋冬少、强度弱。造成大风的天气型有热带气旋型、冷空气和热带气旋共同影响型、气旋型、入海高压型、北低南高型、雷雨前型、龙卷风型。     

青岛近海台风暴潮灾害分析

分析了青岛沿海地区的台风暴潮灾害状况,阐明了潮灾成因,明确指出风暴潮在沿海自然灾害中占有重要的地位。     

近40年湖南洪涝灾害的演变趋势及其成因

利用湖南５２个代表站１９５８￣１９９８年４￣９月的降水资料,确定了洪涝年,分析了近４０年湖南洪涝的特征和演变趋势。在此基础上,探讨了近期洪涝灾害日益严重的原因。它们是：气候背景因素,大气环流异常,厄尔尼诺的影响,洞庭湖的水文特性和面积锐减,社会因素。     

1998年5月29日皮山县6.2级地震烈度分布特征及损失评估

１９９８年５月２９日皮山县发生６．２级地震,震中距皮山县城约３９ｋｍ,震源深度为３２ｋｍ,烈度分布区为北西－南东走向的椭圆形,极震区烈度为Ⅶ度,个别点为Ⅷ度,地震使皮山县县城,９个乡,２个镇,２个农场,墨玉县部分地区遭到不同程度的损失。共计受伤人数为２６人,其中重伤为２人,无家可归者人数为５５６６人,１３９２户,牲畜死亡４４５４头。地震造成的直接经济损失达５４８６．７５万元。     

打桩对周围建筑物振动影响的研究与实例分析

研究了打桩过程中土层质点振动速度的监测方法,打桩振动对周围建筑物影响程度的评价标准,并结合工程实例探讨了有关因素对检测结果的影响,及施工中应采取的相应减振措施。     

A geo-environmental map for the sustainable development of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

An engineering and environmental geological map of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal has been elaborated within a project of German-Nepalese cooperation. In the Kathmandu Valley, the major geo-environmental problems arise from haphazard exploitation of geologic resources, local landslide zones, severe problems of garbage disposal, river flooding and a dramatic river pollution. The map was prepared by the use of GIS techniques. It contains all basic geological and environmental data, as geotechnical risk zones (landslide-prone areas or those of poor foundation conditions), areas for preferable extraction of construction material and those not to be allowed to be exploited, areas of immediate need of reforestation in order to prevent landslide or badland development, groundwater protection zones, and suitable garbage disposal sites. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

河北张北6.2级地震中农村房屋破坏特征分析

对１９９８年１月１０日河北张北６．２级地震灾区的房屋建筑类型进行了划分,概述了各类建筑物的平面布置、墙体、屋顶、承重结构和地基等情况,总结了各类房屋建筑的破坏特点,并对造成破坏严重的原因进行了分析     

The seismic history of Catania

A detailed study of the most significant seismic effects that took place in the city of Catania has been performed in order to build up a site catalogue, to assess seismic hazard directly from it and to provide the picture of damage scenarios which happened in the past. In the last 1000 years Catania was destroyed twice (1169 and 1693) and more or less severely damaged twelve times (e.g., 1542, 1818, 1848, etc.). Destruction or severe damage are mainly related to earthquakes occurring in the coastal sector of the Hyblean foreland, while slighter, moderate effects are usually due to earthquakes taking place in the seismogenic sources of the Messina Straits and in the inner Hyblean region. The analysis of the historical reports allowed to delineate the damage scenarios of the most relevant events. In particular, for the 1693 case-history it has also been possible to map the damage distribution with reference to the existing urban settlement of the city. The site catalogue was used for assessing seismic hazard; the obtained estimates show that the probability of occurrence for intensity 7 and 10 exceeds 99.9% for 150 and 500 years, respectively. These values, associated with the high vulnerability caused by the city growth which occurred mainly before the introduction of the seismic code (1981) and without ad-hoc planning policies, implies that the urban system is exposed to high seismic risk.     

结构性软土的损伤及其对地基沉降的影响

通过室内试验,研究了软粘土的结构性及其在受力过程中的损伤特性,并讨论结构损伤对地基瞬时沉降和固结沉降的影响。计算结果表明,常规方法低估地基的瞬时沉降,夸大地基的固结沉降。