露天矿边坡实用型专家系统PESOPS V1.0的设计与应用

结合边坡工程和岩质边坡普遍存在的问题，建造了一个露天矿边坡实用型专家系统ＰＥＳＯＰＳ Ｖ１．０。介绍了滑坡预报子系统的原理和方法，通过应用实例表明该子系统适用性强，预报可靠、使用方便。     

高分辨率地震技术探测采空区研究——以贾汪煤矿区为例

高分辨率地震技术可广泛用于工程物探。本文主要利用高分辨率地震勘探探测采空区的位置和范围，为建筑物地基稳定性的评价提供可靠的依据；同时，从理论分析和野外试验两方面探讨了高分辨地震技术的野外数据采集、资料处理和资料解释，并简单介绍了在贾汪矿区的应用效果。研究结果表明，高分辨率地震技术能查明建筑场地内的采空区     

Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables

A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects.     

第四纪地质定年与地质年表

时、空、质(物质)、能(动力)是研究地质过程、环境演变的基本要素，其中时间是关键．任何一个自然事件、任何一个地质过程，都与时间相关联，时间的重要性需要通过年龄的精确测量来体现。本文综述了第四纪定年的基本方法和特点以及近年来年代地层学所获得的进展，提出了中国第四纪的划分简表。     

Harmonic Analysis of Sedimentary Cyclic Sequences in Kansas, Midcontinent, USA

Several stratigraphic sequences in the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) in Kansas (Midcontinent, USA) were analyzed quantitatively for periodic repetitions. The sequences were coded by lithologic type into strings of datasets. The strings then were analyzed by an adaptation of a one-dimensional Fourier transform analysis and examined for evidence of periodicity. The method was tested using different states in coding to determine the robustness of the method and data. The most persistent response is in multiples of 8–10 ft (2.5–3.0 m) and probably is dependent on the depositional thickness of the original lithologic units. Other cyclicities occurred in multiples of the basic frequency of 8–10 with persistent ones at 22 and 30 feet (6.5–9.0 m) and large ones at 80 and 160 feet (25–50 m). These levels of thickness relate well to the basic cyclothem and megacyclothem as measured on outcrop. We propose that this approach is a suitable one for analyzing cyclic events in the stratigraphic record.     

Early Estimation of Strong Aftershock Duration Time

In order to solve the problem of early estimation of moderately strong aftershock duration time in an earthquake sequence,this study has been conducted.First,the definition of the strong aftershock has been given.It is pointed out that there is a difference in the strong aftershock duration time between the main shock type sequence and the strong earthquake swarm sequence.After dividing the three cases,i.e.,a strong aftershock duration time larger than 1 day,smaller than 1 day,and no strong aftershock occurred in a main shock type sequence by using the pattern recognition method,we gave the rough correlation relation between strong aftershock duration time and first large shock magnitude for two types of sequences.Finally,the judgment index and method of estimating strong aftershock duration times for different sequence types have been given.     

Effect of temperature on embryonic and larval development of bream (Abramis brama L.)

Influence of water temperature on embryonic and larval development of bream (Abramis brama L.) was stdied. Eggs of bream were incubated at eight constant water temperatures between 13.2 and 26.8°C. The temperature of 21.1°C gave highest hatching success, with no abnormalities in the eleutheroembryos and lowest mortality observed between eyed egg stage and the time of hatching. Developmental rate increased with increasing temperature. Duration of embryonic development (y; hours) decreased with increasing incubation temperature (x; °C) according to the formula: y=910.1−65.88 x+1.318 x². Larvae were reared at eight constant temperatures ranging from 13.5 to 34.0°C. The instantaneous growth rate in wet weight increased with increasing test temperature from 13.5 to 29.9°C, and then decreased at higher temperatures. Individual growth of fish and biomass production rate were highest at 27.9°C. This temperature is considered optimal when food availability and photoperiod are no limiting factors.     

Conceptually-based shot noise modeling of streamflows at short time interval

A conceptual-stochastic approach to short time runoff data modelling is proposed, according to the aim of reproducing the hydrological aspects of the streamflow process and of preserving as much as possible the dynamics of the process itself. This latter task implies preservation of streamflow characteristics at higher scales of aggregation and, within a conceptual framework, involves compatibility with models proposed for the runoff process at those scales. At a daily time scale the watershed response to the effective rainfall is considered as deriving from the response of three linear reservoirs, respectively representing contributions to streamflows of large deep aquifers, with over-year response lag, of aquifers which run dry by the end of the dry season and of subsurface runoff. The surface runoff component is regarded as an uncorrelated point process. Considering the occurrences of effective rainfall events as generated by an independent Poisson process, the output of the linear system represents a conceptually-based multiple shot noise process. Model identification and parameter estimation are supported by information related to the aggregated runoff process, in agreement to the conceptual framework proposed, and this allows parameter parsimony, efficient estimation and effectiveness of the streamflow reproduction. Good performances emerged from the model application and testing made with reference to some daily runoff series from Italian basins.     

τ-P域地震资料三维叠前深度偏移及其实用算法

本文提出了在τ-P域实现三维叠前深度偏移的计算方法，该方法把地震道集由时-空域变换到τ-P域，然后对共P数据体进行相移或相移加插值偏移，将偏移后的各共P数据体叠加得到叠前深度偏移结果．该算法能够实现陡倾地层的正确归位，降低偏移处理维数，减少计算机内存需求，易于并行处理，但是计算量和所花费的计算机时间仍然很大．为此我们又提出了针对目的层的分时（层）偏移方法，由于只考虑目的层，可节省大量的计算时间．文中以二维实际地震资料及三维数值模型资料的处理说明了上述方法的可行性与有效性．     

强余震持续时间的早期估计

本研究旨在解决地震序列中强余震持续时间的早期估计问题。文中首先给出了强余震的震级定义，指出：主震型与强震群型序列的强作震持续时间存在差异。使用模式识别方法对主震型序列中强余震持续时间大于１天，小于１天及无强余震等３种情况进行划分之后，给出了两类序列的强余震持续时间与序列和第一震震级的粗略相关关系。