Tracing the settlement region of massive floating green algae in the Yellow Sea

Outbreaks of large-scale green tides formed by Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea (YS) cause heavy ecological damages and huge economic losses. However, the ecological consequences of green tides remain poorly understood due to the lack of knowledge on the settlement region of massive green algae floating in the YS. In this study, we established a method to trace the settlement region of floating green algae, using 28-isofucosterol preserved in sediment as the specific biomarker for green algae. Sterols including 28-isofucosterol in surface sediment samples collected during an investigation in the YS and the Bohai Sea (BS) in August 2015 were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Based on the content of 28-isofucosterol in sediment samples, the potential settlement region of fl oating green algae was identifi ed in the sea area southeast to the Shandong Peninsula around the sampling site H06 (122.66°E, 36.00°N). This paper presents a first result on the settlement region of floating green algae in the YS for providing a solid basis to elucidate the ecological consequences of green tides in the area.     

浙中沿岸流及其对风和潮汛的响应

根据浙江中部近海2018年4月—2018年10月的近岸锚系流速观测数据和同步的风速风向数据,结合锚系点周边水域全潮大、中、小潮水文观测资料,进而分析了该海域水流的变化特征。锚系点余流主要沿着与等深线平行的方向(东北-西南向),余流散点图的主轴方向为25.5°(东北偏北向),沿着主轴方向的余流与垂直于主轴方向的余流标准差分别为0.12m/s和0.02m/s。余流北分量和风速北分量具有良好的相关性,两者月平均时间序列的相关系数达到了0.96,逐时整点时间序列的相关系数为0.69。锚系点余流具有13.37 d和28.49 d的周期性变化特征,该周期与大、小潮的更替周期非常接近。小潮期间,潮流的强度相对较弱,余流对风的响应较为显著,余流和风的相关性较好,两者相关系数为0.72;而在大潮期间,潮差较大且潮流流速较强,余流和风的相关性相对较差,两者相关系数为0.30。本研究,得到了锚系点及其周边水域的流速分布特征,初步获悉天文潮和风场等的非线性作用对研究区域潮流和余流的影响,可以为浙江中部沿岸海洋开发和环境保护提供动力学方面的依据。     

水上水下一体化三维河道场景构建与展示

随着无人机与新型航拍技术的发展,无人机倾斜摄影技术在大范围地形数据采集过程中发挥了重要作用,三维测绘相关研究得到了极大的促进。而针对水利行业所需的水上地形与水下地形一体化生产过程的研究相对较少。本文布设统一控制点,采用固定翼无人机倾斜摄影测量技术进行水上地形测绘,应用RTK配合测深仪在船上进行水下河道三维地形数据采集,对于涉河建筑物采用BIM软件进行参数化建模。最后,针对水上地形数据,水下河道地形数据及建筑物三维模型进行融合处理,得到水上水下一体化三维河道场景,搭建Cesium平台进行三维展示。其研究成果可为水上水下一体化测绘与可视化提供技术帮助,有助于推进智慧水利的应用发展。     

Contact metamorphism and crystal size distribution studies in the Shivar aureole,NW Iran

The Shivar pluton, a large granodiorite–monzonite intrusion in NW Iran, was intruded into Cretaceous sedimentary rocks during the Oligo‐Miocene. Its thermal aureole contains a variety of pelitic, basic and calc‐silicate hornfelses. Mineral parageneses in the pelitic and calc‐silicate hornfelses are studied here and mineralogical zones are determined. The maximum pressure of contact metamorphism is estimated to have been about 2.2 kbar on the basis of mineral parageneses in the pelitic rocks, indicating that the intrusion was emplaced no deeper than 8 km in the crust. Crystal size distribution (CSD) studies in the calc‐silicate hornfelses indicate that the degree of overstepping was high near the igneous contact. Secondary solid phases (SSP) inhibited growth of calcite grains in the calc‐silicate rocks and impure marbles. Garnet had a greater inhibitory effect as a SSP than tremolite or clinopyroxene. The time required for coarsening of calcite is calculated for two samples collected at different distances from the igneous contact. The time required for calcite coarsening is about 33 000 years for the sample 800 m from the contact and about 226 000 years for the sample 120 m from the contact. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

倾斜裂缝地层qP波方位反射系数椭圆特征研究

倾斜定向排列裂缝地层可以等效为TI介质,根据TI介质弹性波反射透射方程,模拟了上覆各向同性泰勒岩/下伏含有倾斜裂缝的奥斯汀白垩岩模型qP波方位反射系数。通过将qP波方位反射系数拟合成椭圆,研究了裂缝密度、裂缝倾向、裂缝倾角与椭圆参数的关系。研究发现,随着裂缝密度增大椭圆扁率也在增大,裂缝倾向与椭圆中心点方位相差180°,裂缝倾角与椭圆中心点到坐标原点距离存在一定的对应关系。本研究可以为预测倾斜裂缝地层提供一定的理论支撑。     

Dynamic dyke propagation deduced from tilt variations preceding the March 9, 1998, eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano

During the hour preceding the March 9, 1998, eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, the deformation network of the Observatory recorded some large deformations in the summit area. A broadband seismic station of the GEOSCOPE global network, RER, is located about 8 km away from the summit of the volcano. Signals from that station may be interpreted as tilt changes. The combination of the above two kinds of signals allows, by using a tensile fault model, to constrain the geometry as well as some characteristics (volume, propagation velocity) of the dyke that intruded the summit area during the hour preceding the beginning of eruptive activity.     

国内外赤潮的发展趋势与研究热点

本文以最近10多年的赤潮典型事件、研究进展为主要依据,综合论述了国内外赤潮发生的新特点。分别从组学技术、食品安全与公共健康、赤潮生物学、赤潮监测与预测预报、赤潮应急处置等几方面,介绍了目前国际上该领域的研究热点。本文还回顾了我国赤潮研究的主要发展历程,结合科技部2017年启动的国家重点研发计划"我国近海致灾赤潮形成机理、监测预测及评估防治技术"项目,展望了我国赤潮研究的未来发展趋势。     

固体进样——总有机碳分析仪法直接测定海水中的颗粒有机碳

海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)是联系海洋生命与非生命过程最重要的参数之一,其在全球碳循环的作用异常重要,准确获取海水中颗粒有机碳的含量是揭示其重要作用的前提。目前,元素分析仪测定POC是其准确测定最常用的方法,但元素分析仪分析海水中颗粒有机碳过滤的膜样时,存在包样困难、滤膜对反应管损坏严重、灰分难以清理等问题,严重影响仪器的正常使用。本文采用总有机碳分析仪固体进样装置建立了海水中颗粒有机碳的分析方法,优化了样品前处理过程,对玻璃纤维膜进行了空白校正,考察了酸化方式和时间对测定结果的影响,方法检出限为CL(C)=0.019%。对青岛近海三个不同采样站位海水样品POC的测定结果相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%~2.66%(n=12),结果重复性好,精密度高,经国家标准样品水系沉积物GDS-9验证,结果与标准值符合,表明方法准确可靠,能满足海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)的准确测定要求。所建立的方法完全克服了常规元素分析仪测定POC的弊端,同时降低了仪器的维护成本。     

天文潮汐对卫星重力梯度观测数据的影响分析

测定地球重力场,确定高分辨率的静态地球重力场模型,是大地测量学的主要任务之一.重力场的影响主要分为潮汐部分和非潮汐部分,天文潮汐在潮汐部分中属于直接引力效应,对重力场的影响是不可忽略的.本文以一个月的星历数据为基础,分析了天文潮汐对GOCE卫星重力梯度观测数据的影响,并统计了最大值和最小值;研究了天文潮汐对地球上单点重力梯度数据的影响特征;计算了各行星对卫星重力梯度数据影响量级.研究结果表明:天文潮汐对卫星重力梯度数据的影响量级处于0.1mE,比GOCE卫星设计精度低一个量级,但是它具有周期性,属于有色噪声,因此在卫星重力梯度数据预处理中需要扣除;天文潮汐对卫星重力梯度数据各分量的影响不同,其中对角线分量Vxx,Vyy和Vzz要比其他分量略大;月球和太阳对卫星重力梯度数据的影响最大,在所有星体中占据主导地位.     

广西固体矿产钻探工程技术与管理现状及其对策

从钻探设备、工艺技术、生产管理与人员素质等方面，简要分析了广西地矿局固体矿产钻探工程施工技术与管理现状，指出当前存在的突出问题以及解决这些问题的一些建议与对策。