基于剖分的中尺度海洋温度场三维显示技术

针对网格化和数据量庞大的中尺度海洋标量场数据在其三维可视化中表现出来的构造效率较低和表达连续性效果较差的问题,以剖分重构为核心思想,采用三线性插值算法对数据进行加密处理,基于不同角度平面对温度场进行剖分和色彩映射,最后采用OpenSceneGraph图像渲染引擎的颜色、光照、透明度和回调等渲染技术展现更为真实的、科学的动态三维温度场,提供一种简洁、高效、科学的中尺度海洋温度场表达方法。     

Determining the age of water and long-term transport timescale of the Chesapeake Bay

The concept of age of water (AW) is applied to the Chesapeake Bay to investigate the long-term transport properties for dissolved substances. A real-time calibrated hydrodynamic Chesapeake Bay model in 3 Dimensions (CH3D), employing a boundary-fitted curvilinear grid, is used for the study. The long-term transport properties, represented by AW, are investigated under the conditions of low river inflow of 1995 and high river inflow of 1996, as well as for constant mean inflows. The influences of freshwater, density-induced circulation, and wind-induced transport on age distribution have been investigated. Model results show that river inflows, wind stress, and density-induced circulation play important roles in controlling the long-term transport in the Bay. The model results shows that it requires 120–300 days for a marked change in the characteristics of the pollutant source discharged into the Bay from the Susquehanna River to affect significantly the conditions near the mouth under different hydrodynamic conditions. An increase of river discharge results in increases of downstream residual current and gravitational circulation, and thus reduces AW. The density-induced circulation contributes to the transport substantially. The dissolved substances discharged into the Bay are transported out of the Bay more rapidly when the estuary becomes more stratified. Southeasterly and southwesterly winds have strong impacts on the transport compared to the northeasterly and northwesterly winds. The former increases lateral and vertical mixing significantly. Consequently, the gravitational circulation is reduced and the transport time is increased by 50%. The model results provide useful information for understanding the long-term transport processes in the Bay.     

渤海海效应暴雪的三维热力结构特征

采用烟台多普勒天气雷达、天气图等观测资料和中尺度模式(RAMS4.4)进行数值模拟,分析了2008年12月4~6日发生的一次海效应暴雪的时空分布和三维热力结构特征。结果表明:(1)渤海海效应降雪并非传统认为的仅发生在蓬莱以东的山东半岛地区,而是广泛分布于山东半岛、莱州湾、渤海中东部和黄海西部洋面上;降雪源地有暖海面和陆地,即莱州湾、渤海中部至渤海海峡和山东半岛。(2)浅层对流是海效应降雪的重要热力特征,当强冷空气流经渤海时,暖海面通过湍流交换等作用向冷空气底层输送感热和潜热,使得低层增温增湿,产生对流层中上层干冷低层暖湿的对流性不稳定。(3)冷空气的强弱影响渤海暖海面及山东半岛地区的垂直热力结构,导致降雪强度在不同时段存在显著差异。海气温差与热通量成正比,初期冷空气弱,对流层中低层的垂直温差小,海面上空的暖湿层浅薄,不稳定能量弱,产生的降雪量小;中后期冷空气强盛,对流层中低层的垂直温差大,暖湿层较为深厚,不稳定能量增强,导致降雪强度和降雪量大。(4)与单一要素温度和湿度相比,对流层低层相当位温的水平分布对强降雪落区具有更好的指示意义,强降雪发生在高相当位温脊线附近。     

基于机载LiDAR和倾斜影像的城市三维建模方法

"数字孪生"城市建设是近两年新兴的一条建设智慧城市的技术路径,它是构建一个与现实物理城市匹配对应的数字城市,实现城市要素数字化,其核心数据之一是高度仿真的城市三维模型.本文在研究机载LiDAR点云、倾斜摄影和三维可视化等技术之后,探讨了利用机载LiDAR和倾斜影像进行互补融合,构建城市三维模型的方法,并详细描述了三维建...     

2014年夏季长江流域持续性低温的大尺度环流异常

采用中国地面站气温逐日观测资料、NOAA全球逐日海表温度资料,及NCEP/NCAR的全球日均再分析资料,研究了2014年持续性低温的三维结构及大尺度环流异常。结果表明,2014年的低温异常,除了在陆地上区域性地出现在长江流域,还以大尺度带状的形式、从陆地延伸到海洋上。这种带状异常不只出现在近地面,在大气各层（925～500 hPa）都能看到。分析指出,大气中的这个低温带主要由高纬大气环流异常造成。在位势高度场上,最重要的异常出现在高纬60°N,有呈带状的位势高度正距平,它引导（距平意义上的）偏北气流从正北和东北偏东方向侵入,在其南侧形成一带状的偏低温区。大气各层均呈现出这种在高纬有位势高度正距平、相应地在稍南的低纬（40°N）有位势高度负距平、两者之间为低温区的分布特征。从低层往上,这种配置型式整体表现出由南往北的倾斜,其垂直剖面表现为距平意义上的、大尺度、类似于锋面的倾斜结构。文中用简单的概念模型对此进行理解,认为这种结构是由大气动力异常和热力异常相互影响、共同作用而形成的。     

三维隔震(振)支座的工程应用与现场测试

首先介绍了一种新型三维隔震(振)支座,该支座由联接件、竖向隔振支座和水平隔震支座组成。竖向隔振支座和水平隔震支座具有较小刚度,采用该类型支座的隔震结构,其竖向基频和水平基频可远离地铁、铁路振动和地震的主频,从而实现竖向隔振和水平隔震作用。其次介绍了该三维隔震(振)支座在某一地铁平台上部结构中的应用情况,对该类型支座进行了竖向性能和水平性能试验。最后对三维隔震(振)结构与传统结构进行了地铁运行时结构振动的对比测试。测试结果表明:三维隔震(振)系统对振动的高频信号具有显著衰减效果。     

层次分析法在下垫面因子影响沙尘暴危险度研究中的应用

沙尘暴是一种危害严重的气象灾害,其形成依赖于大气环流和沙质地表两种不同密度的物理介质的相互作用,风力条件和下垫面的性质是影响沙尘暴强度和危害程度的两个重要因素。减轻沙尘暴危害的有效方法就是改善沙尘暴源地的下垫面状况,但这需要评估下垫面各因子在不同天气、气候背景条件下对沙尘暴发生的影响程度。从下垫面的角度出发,以内蒙古中西部地区为例,利用气象资料和实测数据,应用AHP方法对下垫面定性与定量因子进行综合分析,得出不同地区下垫面因子对沙尘暴发生作用的权重,为从下垫面角度研究沙尘暴危险度奠定基础。     

以PC1井三维荧光光谱分析结果论油气垂向运移

本文以Pcl并不同深度岩心和地表土壤作为分析样品，通过三维全扫描荧光光谱等分析。揭示了该区油气垂向运移规律和地下油气的某些分布特征。研究表明，芳烃三维荧光光谱方法是研究芳烃组成变化最理想的手段之一，可以有效地解决油气运移等问题。     

Effects of lateral velocity heterogeneity under the Nevada Test Site on short-periodP wave amplitudes and travel times

Short-period teleseismicP waves from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) show systematic variations in amplitudes and travel times, with low amplitudes corresponding to fast travel times, suggesting elastic focussing-defocussing effects. Also, the azimuthal amplitude and travel time patterns for events at the Pahute Mesa subsite are systematically different from those at the Yucca Flat subsite, indicating the presence of a near-source component in both the amplitude and travel-time variations. This component is isolated by removing the mean station pattern for all of NTS from the observations. A very-near-source component in the Pahute Mesa observations is also isolated by removing subsite station means from the measurements, whereas the Yucca Flat observations exhibited no coherent very-near-source component. These anomalies are back-projected through laterally homogeneous structure to form thin lens models at various depths. Travel-time delays are predicted from the amplitude variations using the equation for wavefront curvature. The long-wavelength components of the predicted and observed time delays correlate well, at depths of 25 km for the very-near-source component under Pahute Mesa and 160 km for the regional component under NTS. The time delay surfaces predicted by the amplitudes at these depths are mapped into warped velocity discontinuities suitable for the calculation of synthetic seismograms using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral formulation. Both the intersite (near-source) and intrasite (very-near-source) differences in amplitudes are qualitatively predicted very well, although the range of variation is somewhat underpredicted. This deficiency is likely due to the destructive interference of anomalies inherent in back-projection to a single layer.