节理岩体断裂的分形机理研究

本文在考察了节理化岩体的断裂力学特征的基础上，结合现代分形几何原理，建立起追踪裂纹裂分形模型，对不连续岩体的断裂韧性的分形效应进行了深入研究，并通过压剪试验得到难。     

A three‐component end‐member analysis of streamwater hydrochemistry in a small Japanese forested headwater catchment

Intensive water sampling in conjunction with hydrological observations was conducted during three different rainstorms in order to understand the effects of rainfall events on the temporal variation of streamwater chemistry in a small headwater forest catchment. Concentrations of Na⁺ and SO₄^2? decreased as the discharge rate increased. Hydrograph separation of the components was made using the three‐component model based on the end‐members mixing analysis (EMMA). The three end‐members were:

• 1 the groundwater in the saturated zone that prescribes the chemistry of the baseflow;
• 2 the throughfall that dilutes the streamwater;
• 3 the groundwater in the transient saturated zone prescribed, which was dependent on the groundwater level.

When the groundwater level was lower, only the two components, groundwater in the saturated zone and throughfall, affected the streamwater chemistry. When the groundwater level rose and the saturated zone spread, the groundwater in the transient saturated zone became the third component. When the groundwater in the transient saturated zone contributed to the discharge, this component became the dominant source and the streamwater chemistry was affected by the groundwater chemistry in the transient saturated zone. When this component was discharged as the saturation overland flow, the streamwater chemistry was greatly affected by this component. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

遥测降雨抗差分析方法应用研究

遥测系统观测的雨量资料常会包含粗差，根据降雨量的特征，结合抗差理论，包为民等曾提出三步抗差修正方法。将此法应用到龙颈上水库等10个水库流域的实测资料当中，验证其有效性，并分析比较各步抗差修正的效果及降雨特征与抗差效果之间的关系。结果表明，抗差修正方法可行，且第一步和第三步结合的修正效果最好；降雨中心较明确，多年降雨特征相似，强度变幅稳定的洪水，不容易出现误抗。     

闽江河口湿地资源动态变化的分形研究

本研究以分形理论为基础,并借助GIS、RS技术,利用1986年和2002年两期TM遥感影像,提取获得了1986年和2002年闽江河口湿地资源的空间信息,根据分形理论中分形维数和稳定性指数的物理意义,揭示了闽江河口湿地资源动态变化情况。研究表明:闽江河口的湿地类型具有分形结构.并且由于受到较强的人类活动的干预,湿地斑块的形状较为复杂,且稳定性较差。     

Nonlinear plasma wave processes observed in the polar cusp

We present observations of electric and magnetic field variations from proton (about few Hz) to electron cyclotron frequencies (about few kHz) obtained by STAFF instrument on Cluster satellites during two cusp crossings, at ∼6 R _E altitude, in September 2002. The cusp was identified by the presence of intensive fluxes of counter streaming electrons with low energies and broadband wave activity which is typical for this region. Special attention is given for the interval of measurements when the waveform of the magnetic field fluctuations was taken in this region by CLUSTER satellites. The wave has been processed using the wavelet and bispectral analysis. Results showing the cascade of turbulence and wave-wave interactions are presented in this paper. A three wave process can be responsible for the broadening of the wave spectra in the polar cusp.     

Suspended sediment load transport in the Mississippi River basin at St. Louis: temporal scaling and nonlinear determinism

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of suspended sediment load transport at different temporal scales in the Mississippi River basin. Data corresponding to five successively doubled temporal scales (i.e. daily, two‐day, four‐day, eight‐day and 16‐day) from the St. Louis gaging station in Missouri are analyzed. The investigation is focused on identifying possible low‐dimensional deterministic behavior in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics, with an aim towards reduction in model complexity. The correlation dimension method is used to identify low‐dimensional determinism. The suspended sediment load dynamics are represented through phase‐space reconstruction, and the variability is estimated using the (proximity of) reconstructed vectors in the phase space. The results indicate the presence of low‐dimensional determinism in the suspended sediment load series at each of the five temporal scales, with the variables dominantly governing the dynamics in the order of three or four. These results not only suggest the appropriateness of relatively simpler models but also hint at possible scale invariance in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear determinism in river flow: prediction as a possible indicator

Whether or not river flow exhibits nonlinear determinism remains an unresolved question. While studies on the use of nonlinear deterministic methods for modeling and prediction of river flow series are on the rise and the outcomes are encouraging, suspicions and criticisms of such studies continue to exist as well. An important reason for this situation is that the correlation dimension method, used as a nonlinear determinism identification tool in most of those studies, may possess certain limitations when applied to real river flow series, which are always finite and often short and also contaminated with noise (e.g. measurement error). In view of this, the present study addresses the issue of nonlinear determinism in river flow series using prediction as a possible indicator. This is done by (1) reviewing studies that have employed nonlinear deterministic methods (coupling phase‐space reconstruction and local approximation techniques) for river flow predictions and (2) identifying nonlinear determinism (or linear stochasticity) based on the level of prediction accuracy in general, and on the prediction accuracy against the phase‐space reconstruction parameters in particular (termed as the ‘inverse approach’). The results not only provide possible indications to the presence of nonlinear determinism in the river flow series studied, but also support, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the low correlation dimensions reported for such. Therefore, nonlinear deterministic methods are a viable complement to linear stochastic ones for studying river flow dynamics, if sufficient caution is exercised in their applications and in interpreting the outcomes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤田三维地震资料解释的时深转换方法研究

时深转换是三维地震资料解释中提高勘探精度非常关键的一步。本文介绍了三种不同的时深转换方法及时深转换速度的求取,并分别用实例加以说明,阐述了如何根据不同的地质及地震地质条件,选择合适的时深转换方法,以达到最佳的勘探效果。     

淮南矿区潘三矿构造发育规律定量研究

本文采用煤层构造形态空间分析、断裂要素数理统计分析等方法,并引入断裂分形维数指标作为刻划断裂构造发育强度的指标之一,对准南矿区潘三矿地质构造进行了定性—定量分析,揭示了矿井地质构造发育的南北分带性和东西分区性特征。     

地图数字化误差分析及探讨

文章分析了地图数字化误差的分类和主要来源,在目前研究现状的基础上,引入了分形分维理论,作者主要研究了分形分维理论在地图数字化误差分析中的应用 ,并通过实验分析,得到一定的结论.