全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1526篇 |
免费 | 241篇 |
国内免费 | 312篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 183篇 |
大气科学 | 238篇 |
地球物理 | 313篇 |
地质学 | 764篇 |
海洋学 | 187篇 |
天文学 | 28篇 |
综合类 | 134篇 |
自然地理 | 232篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 34篇 |
2019年 | 50篇 |
2018年 | 39篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 63篇 |
2015年 | 63篇 |
2014年 | 74篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 106篇 |
2011年 | 108篇 |
2010年 | 85篇 |
2009年 | 91篇 |
2008年 | 89篇 |
2007年 | 122篇 |
2006年 | 85篇 |
2005年 | 99篇 |
2004年 | 95篇 |
2003年 | 90篇 |
2002年 | 91篇 |
2001年 | 66篇 |
2000年 | 50篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 51篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2079条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
The existing on‐line numerical integration algorithms are derived from the Newmark method, which is based on an approximation of derivatives in the differential equation. The state–space procedure (SSP), based on an interpolation of the discrete excitation signals for piecewise convolution integral, has been confirmed as more reliable than the Newmark method in terms of numerical accuracy and stability. In an attempt to enhance the pseudodynamic test, this study presents an on‐line integration algorithm (referred to as the OS–SSP method) via an integration of the state–space procedure with Nakashima's operator‐splitting concept. Numerical stability and accuracy assessment of the proposed algorithm in addition to the explicit Newmark method and the OS method were investigated via an eigenvalue, frequency‐domain and time‐domain analysis. Of the on‐line integration algorithms investigated, the OS–SSP method is demonstrated as the most accurate method with an acceptable stability (although not unconditionally stable) characteristic. Therefore, the OS–SSP method is the most desirable method for pseudodynamic testing if the numerical stability criterion (Δt/T⩽0.5) is ensured for every vibration mode involved. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
成里京 《气候变化研究进展》2020,16(2):172-181
工业革命以来,大气中温室气体不断增加,驱动了全球变暖。IPCC第五次评估报告(AR5)指出,人类排放的温室气体导致的地球系统能量增加中90%以上都被海洋吸收,使得海洋增暖,海洋热含量增加。IPCC最新发布的《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》(SROCC)发现:自1970年以来,几乎确定海洋上层2000 m在持续增暖。1993—2017年间的增暖速率至少为1969—1993年的2倍,体现出显著的变暖增强趋势。此外,在20世纪90年代以后,2000 m以下的深海也已观测到了变暖信号,尤其是在南大洋(30°S以南)。在1970—2017年间,南大洋上层2000 m储存了全球海洋约35%~43%的热量,在2005—2017年期间增加到45%~62%。基于耦合气候模型预估,几乎可确定海洋将在21世纪持续增暖,2018—2100年间海洋热含量上升幅度可能是1970—2017年间的5~7倍(RCP8.5情景)或2~4倍(RCP2.6情景)。变暖导致的热膨胀效应贡献了1993年以来全球海平面上升的约43%。 相似文献
104.
Large floods are often attributed to the melting of snow during a rain event. This study tested how climate variability, snowpack presence, and basin physiography were related to storm hydrograph shape in three small (<1 km2) basins with old‐growth forest in western Oregon. Relationships between hydrograph characteristics and precipitation were tested for approximately 800 storms over a nearly 30‐year period. Analyses controlled for (1) snowpack presence/absence, (2) antecedent soil moisture, and (3) hillslope length and gradient. For small storms (<150 mm precipitation), controlling for precipitation, the presence of a snowpack on near‐saturated soil increased the threshold of precipitation before hydrograph rise, extended the start lag, centroid lag, and duration of storm hydrographs, and increased the peak discharge. The presence of a snowpack on near‐saturated soil sped up and steepened storm hydrographs in a basin with short steep slopes, but delayed storm hydrographs in basins with longer or more gentle slopes. Hydrographs of the largest events, which were extreme regional rain and rain‐on‐snow floods, were not sensitive to landform characteristics or snowpack presence/absence. Although the presence of a snowpack did not increase peak discharge in small, forested basins during large storms, it had contrasting effects on storm timing in small basins, potentially synchronizing small basin contributions to the larger basin hydrograph during large rain‐on‐snow events. By altering the relative timing of hydrographs, snowpack melting could produce extreme floods from precipitation events whose size is not extreme. Further work is needed to examine effects of canopy openings, snowpack, and climate warming on extreme rain‐on‐snow floods at the large basin scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
在水利、桥隧等工程施工和形变监测中,特别是在山区,GPS网的精度往往不能满足设计要求,一般需要布设地面边角网,采用高精度智能型全站仪进行数据的采集。本文从一体化测量作业模式的设计思想出发,基于VB.NET和数据库技术,研究设计了高精度地面边角网外业数据采集与处理系统,实现了边角数据的自动化采集和处理。 相似文献
106.
107.
本文以中国西部大地形变监测与地震预测实践为基础, 简要总结回顾了利用大地形变进行强震预测研究的工作思路、方法和一些进展; 进而结合2001年昆仑山口西8.1级、 2008年四川汶川8.0级特大地震前区域地壳运动变形背景和已有的研究结果, 分析和探讨了基于大地形变监测、 并考虑地震构造的差异性来进一步提高大震预测的有效性... 相似文献
108.
This paper examines the effects of the mixing of dry air into a cloud top from the point of view of the droplet spectra. It is shown theoretically that the resulting cycling of the air up and down in the cloud, as seems to be the essential mechanism by which cumuli have been diluted to their observed liquid water mixing ratio, can double the largest drop radius and generate cloud parcels containing drops of all sizes up to this maximum. These changes in the droplet distribution with size occur by a process which is not greatly influenced by the cloud condensation nuclei or the details of droplet growth since maritime like spectra can develop in continental type cumuli. It shows that large numbers of cloud condensation nuclei should not have much effect in inhibiting the rainforming process by reducing coalescence growth. On the contrary, the controlling parameters which determine precipitation efficiency and times seem to be those which control the mixing. 相似文献
109.
110.
根据历史日记中的华中地区春季植物物候、清代档案中的湖南4地降雪日数记载和区内5个树轮宽度年表,以及植物物候期、雪日观测记录等代用资料;以器测的华中整个地区的逐年气温距平为校准序列,采用逐步回归方法,结合逐一剔除法验证和方差匹配技术,重建了1850-2008年华中地区年均气温变化序列。结果表明:1自1850年以来,华中地区气温变化以年际至年代尺度波动为主要特征;但至1990年以后则迅速增暖,并超出了原有的年代际波动水平;而1920s中期至1940s中期的温暖尽管也持续了20年,但其温暖程度显著低于1990s-2000s。其间,最寒冷年代则分别出现在1860s、1890s及1950s,最寒冷的年份为1893年。2华中地区1850年以来的气温年代际波动周期为10~20年和准35年,其中1920s以前主要为12~14年,但自1940s开始则转为18~20年以及准35年。 相似文献