南极地区的大气环流流体物理实验

通过流体物理实验，研究南极地形及冷源对大气环流的影响。正压流体实验表明，由于地形动力强迫，在南极大陆沿岸及以北地区生成气旋性涡旋带，有３个低压中心。在地形上空生成巨大的反气旋。斜压流体实验表明，东移“行星波”的波数及波形有准周期低频振荡，其振荡周期相当于地球大气系统中的２１ｄ。东移的槽在１１０°Ｅ以东逐渐发展，在１６０°Ｗ的罗斯海附近发展得最深，再往东则逐渐减弱     

非热成风平衡基流的对称不稳定

采用适合于中尺度研究的ｆ平面、非静力平衡、滤声波模式，运用解析方法研究了具有非热成风梯度存在的高空急流入口区右侧及低空急流入口区左侧的对称不稳定性问题。求出了扰动流函数解析表达式，从而定性地分析了由于非热成风梯度的存在，中尺度扰动波结构以及波振幅空间分布特征。所得理论结果可以解释在平行型高低空急流入口区间产生强暴雨的原因。     

Evidence of fluid inclusion for thermal fluid-bearing hydrocarbon movements in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

Diagenetic research and inclusion observance indicate that there are seven types of inlcusion in the reservoirs in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Based on the fluorescence color, ratio of gas/liquid, formation temperature, salinity and organic component of fluid inclusions, three events of thermal fluid movement were found, and only the second and third events are relative to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation with the temperatures of 140–150°C and 170–190°C., respectively.The mechanism of gas migration in aqueous phase suggests that the discharging site of thermal fluid is the favourable location for natural gas accumulation. Project supported by the Natlonal Natural Science Foundation of China.     

包裹体研究──盆地流体追踪的有力工具

矿物包裹体在研究碳酸盐岩的成岩作用，恢复盆地的热演化历史，指示油气生成、运移、聚集方面取得了很大进展。矿物包裹体是盆地流体的原始样品，它记录了地质历史中盆地流体的很多信息，有效地测定各期矿物流体包裹体的均一温度，是直接了解盆地热流体活动的重要数据；系统测定各类流体包裹体的初熔温度和冰点温度，能大致判断流体的矿化类型和矿化程度；流体包裹体的ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ－ｘ研究，是探讨流体温度、压力的依据；荧光显微镜等对有机包裹体的有效鉴别，色谱方法对流体包裹体有机和无机成分的分析能提供流体组成和烃类赋存的多种信息；特别是近年来大力发展的单个包裹体的激光拉曼光谱等探针分析，以及包裹体群的ＧＣ－ＭＳ和δ￣（１３）Ｃ、δＤ、δ￣（１８）Ｏ同位素分析在追踪盆地流体性质、成因及其与油气等矿产的关系方面将发挥愈来愈大的作用。     

Thermal structure of the Barbados accretionary complex

Finite element modeling of the thermal structure within the Barbados subduction complex is carried out. Kinematics of the sediments inside the complex are computed from a viscous model with inhomogeneous viscosity and the effect of gravity. The model yields an uplift rate compatible with observational data. Advective heat transfer affects the heat flow across the complex. Imbricated thrust faulting further reduces the heat flow across the slope. These mechanisms predict an arcward decrease of heat flow on the lower slope, followed by an increase of heat flow approaching the ridge, little change in heat flow at the forearc basin, and a significant increase of heat flow near the volcanic are, in agreement with the existing observations.     

Application of fluid mechanic principles to the study of geodynamic processes at trench-arc-back arc systems

Geological processes at trench-arc-back arc systems are some of the most complex tectonic processes in need of study. A large amount of data based on geological and geophysical observations has been accumulated. To synthesize these data, mathematical models have proven to be very useful. Because geological processes are directly related to the dynamical behavior of the solid earth, many of them can be investigated in terms of fluid flow models. Some applications of fluid flow principles in studying tectonic processes at convergent plate boundaries are discussed in this paper. When mantle processes are modeled as convective systems, they are found to have direct implications for the determination of slab dip angles. Additionally, they can also account for the high heat flows in the back arc basins, provide a mechanism for back arc opening, and resolve the question whether subducted oceanic crust can reach melting at shallow depth for island arc magma generation. Besides mantle processes, flow models can also be used to study surface processes. A simple one-parameter plane flow theory is used to model the evolution of trench geometries. This model is able to fit simulataneously the trench curvature and the differential paleomagnetic rotation between volcanic islands for the Mariana. Despite the simplicity of many of these models, their ability to synthesize geological and geophysical data at convergent plate boundaries is quite remarkable.     

吉林中部环形构造及其控矿作用

吉林中部环形构造是中生代形成与演化的热点构造。这个环形构造主要由外环带的环形断陷火山含煤盆地,中心区的断焰火山含煤盆地和火山机构,以及呈现环带状分布的花岗岩成因系列等部分组成,其形态呈现圆形,直径270km。 吉林中部环形构造控制外生煤、油气矿床、内生多金属和金矿床的形成和分布规律,从而为这些矿产资源的预测提供了可靠的地质依据,并获得实际效果。     

从空间测量陆面温度的可行性

为了将用于从卫星热红外数据测量海面温度的多波段方法应用到陆面温度的测量,我们通过大气辐射输运模型的模拟计算进行了可行性研究。所模拟的大气条件和表面温度的变化范围宽得足于覆盖晴天大气性质和表面温度的实际变化,这些变化对陆地来说比对海洋的大。地面高程也作为最重要的地形影响包括在模拟计算中。用频谱发射率的测量值或计算值表征的地面覆盖,包括雪、粘土、沙地和树叶的样品。从统计分析得到的经验反演模型在无云条件下可由卫星三个红外波段测量,较精确地估算陆面温度,在0—40°观察角范围内,其标准偏差小于0.3 K,最大误差小于1K。热红外波段可以是气象卫星甚高分辨率辐射计(AVHRR),也可以是正被EOSAT和NASA考虑用于将来遥感测量的传遥器,即陆地卫星上增加的热红外多波段或为陆面/海面测量设计的宽视野传遥器(Sea WiFS)。     

永平铜矿床中钼矿的矿源与成矿

本文论述了永平铜钼矿床的矿质来源主要来自于混合岩化作用以前形成的原始含矿地层;其成矿是由于变生热液在动力和热力作用下,萃取了己被混合岩同化的矿源层中的矿质,形成含矿的变生热液,在迁移过程中,选择在矿源层残留块体或其毗邻地段,形成愿地、半原地的由含矿变生热液迭加而富集的铜、钼矿体.