基于直射辐射遥感图象的地物双向反射特性研究(英文)

该文讨论了一种在ＧＩＳ支持下利用直射辐射遥感图象研究地物双向反射特性的原理和方法。其主要依据是象元地面的坡度和坡向的不同，同时改变了象元地面与太阳之间、象元地面与卫星传感器之间的相对位置，并且造成了同类象元太阳直射辐射遥感分量的差异。而正是这种差异体现了该类地物双向反射特性。在ＧＩＳ的支持下利用卫星直射辐射遥感数字图象，研究卫片象元同类地物的这种差异的规律以及它们与对应坡面上的太阳位置、卫星位置的关系，便可进行该类地物的双向反射特性研究。     

国家气象中心降水数值预报信息效益评估

以列联表形式计算熵函数，由熵函数值对国家气象中心发布的１９９６年汛期６月２２日－８月７日５次暴雨过程降水数值预报进行评估，得到５种数值预报产品给江苏省各区域的雨量预报提供了０．１８２４ｂｉｔ－０．２９１４ｂｉｔ信息等结论。     

有眼台风的自动定位方法初探

利用ＧＭＳ红外云图对眼台风云系的定位问题进行了探讨，并根据其云系特征，提出了一种基于台风云系形状分析的自动定位方法。     

Column Amounts of ClONO2, HCl, HNO3, and HF from Ground-Based FTIR Measurements Made Near Kiruna, Sweden, in Late Winter 1994

During SESAME phase I ground-based FTIR measurements were performed atEsrange near Kiruna, Sweden, from 28 January to 26 March 1994. Zenith columnamounts of ClONO₂, HCl, HF, HNO₃,O₃, N₂O, CH₄, and CFC-12 werederived from solar absorption spectra. Time series of ClONO₂and HCl indicate a chlorine activation at the end of January and around 1March. On 1 March a very low amount of HCl of 2.09times; 10¹⁵molec. cm^-2 was detected, probably caused by a second chlorineactivation phase starting from an already decreased amount of HCl. The ratioof column amounts of HCl to ClONO₂ decreased inside the vortexfrom about 1 in January to 0.4 in late March compared to values of about 2outside the vortex. Although the Arctic stratosphere was rather warm in winter1993/94 and PSCs occurred seldom, chlorine partitioning into its reservoirspecies HCl and ClONO₂ changed during that winter andClONO₂ is the major chlorine reservoir at the end of thewinter as in cold winters like 1991/92 and 1994/95.     

洪泛平原农村居民地空间分布特征定量研究及应用探讨

通过对影响居民地空间分布因素的分析,探讨了洪泛平原农村居民地空间分布特征;利用地理信息系统技术对不同高程带内居民地分布规模、等级和空间分布密度作了定量研究,得到了居民地空间分布密度和人口空间分布密度参数;并结合洪灾淹没区居民地损失的估算,对研究结果的应用作了探讨。     

辽宁水泉金矿综合信息找矿模型及预测

通过对辽宁水泉金矿的基础地质研究和综合找矿信息分析，并根据该矿区资源危机，缺乏后备金矿储备的实际情况建立了水泉金矿综合信息找矿模型。对远景成矿靶区进行了初步圈定，为详细地质勘查、扩大金矿资源提供了依据。     

中国北方超大型热水沉积硫化物矿床成矿模式

中国北方超大型热水沉积硫化物矿床成矿模式李英祁思敬（西安地质学院，西安７１００５４）关键词超大型矿床热水沉积作用大陆边缘盆地热旋回中国北方超大型热水沉积硫化物矿床（ＳＥＤＥＸ）集中产出于华北地台北缘西段与扬子地台北缘西段，即秦岭与狼山两区。可确定的矿...     

THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL TOWN (TOWNMIS)——A CASE STUDY AT XIAOLAN TOWN, SOUTH CHINA

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Numerical models of mantle convection with secular cooling

A 2-D time-dependent finite-difference numerical model is used to investigate the thermal character and evolution of a convecting layer which is cooling as it convects. Two basic cooling modes are considered: in the first, both upper and lower boundaries are cooled at the same rate, while maintaining the same temperature difference across the layer; in the second, the lower boundary temperature decreases with time while the upper boundary temperature is fixed at 0°C. The first cooling mode simulates the effects of internal heating while the second simulates planetary cooling as mantle convection extracts heat from, and thereby cools, the Earth's core. The mathematical analogue between the effects of cooling and internal heating is verified for finite-amplitude convection. It is found that after an initial transient period the central core of a steady but vigorous convection cell cools at a constant rate which is governed by the rate of cooling of the boundaries and the viscosity structure of the layer. For upper-mantle models the transient stage lasts for about 30 per cent of the age of the Earth, while for the whole mantle it lasts for longer than the age of the Earth. Consequently, in our models the bulk cooling of the mantle lags behind the cooling of the core-mantle boundary. Models with temperature-dependent viscosity are found to cool in the same manner as models with depth-dependent viscosity; the rate of cooling is controlled primarily by the horizontally averaged variation of viscosity with depth. If the Earth's mantle cools in a similar fashion, secular cooling of the planet may be insensitive to lateral variations of viscosity.