南极GPS数据质量分析

以多路径误差和电离层延迟为评价指标,利用TEQC软件和QCVIEW软件对南极埃默里冰架、内陆冰盖、纳拉峡海湾、拉斯曼丘陵的实测GPS数据以及部分IGS站点的数据进行了数据质量分析,得到结论： 1)在同一站点上,L2上的多路径误差总比L1上的多路径误差要大;2)在南极不同环境下的多路径误差不同;3)纬度和太阳活动剧烈程度是影响南极地区GPS数据电离层延迟大小的两个重要因素。     

Effect of Shale Reservoir Characteristics on Shale Oil Movability in the Lower Third Member of the Shahejie Formation,Zhanhua Sag

To reveal the effect of shale reservoir characteristics on the movability of shale oil and its action mechanism in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation(Es3l), samples with different features were selected and analyzed using N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), high-speed centrifugation, and displacement image techniques. The results show that shale pore structure characteristics control shale oil movability directly. Movable oil saturation has a positive relationship with pore volume for radius > 2 μm, as larger pores often have higher movable oil saturation, indicating that movable oil is present in relatively larger pores. The main reasons for this are as follows. The relatively smaller pores often have oil-wetting properties because of organic matter, which has an unfavorable effect on the flow of oil, while the relatively larger pores are often wetted by water, which is helpful to shale oil movability. The rich surface provided by the relatively smaller pores is beneficial to the adsorption of immovable oil. Meanwhile, the relatively larger pores create significant pore volume for movable oil. Moreover, the larger pores often have good pore connectivity. Pores and fractures are interconnected to form a complex fracture network, which provides a good permeability channel for shale oil flow. The smaller pores are mostly distributed separately;thus, they are not conducive to the flow of shale oil. The mineral composition and fabric macroscopically affect the movability of shale oil. Calcite plays an active role in shale oil movability by increasing the brittleness of shale and is more likely to form micro-cracks under the same stress background. Clay does not utilize shale oil flow because of its large specific surface area and its block effect. The bedding structure increases the large-scale storage space and improves the connectivity of pores at different scales, which is conducive to the movability of shale oil.     

气温变化对冬小麦生育的影响

利用驻马店市1961年10月—2002年5月冬小麦生长季内平均气温资料以及气温5年滑动平均变化曲线图，采用相关分析法，分析了驻马店市冬小麦生长季内气温变化特征，并利用1981年以后的冬小麦作物观测资料，经过对比分析，揭示了冬小麦生长发育过程中因暖温而产生的一系列变化。     

粗差验后方差的无偏估计与最优稳健估计

在正态粗差假设下导出了粗差验后方差的无偏估计,对误差工膨胀模型和误差均值移动模型,两者的无偏估计公式是相同的。这证明了李德仁验后方差的朱建军方差不是无偏的。由于偏方定义的彭方法是正态粗差假设下的最优稳健估计。     

渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积时期古气候演化

正全球于古近纪发育PETM、ETM2、EECO、和MECO多个短期热气候事件(雷华蕊等,2018)。受热气候事件影响,渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积时期红层沉积发育并记录着热气候事件控制下古气候演化过程。立足于渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层,恢复古气候演化过程,一方面可以点带面,揭示全球古近纪气候演化;另一方面为研究极端气候条件对湖盆沉积体系的控制作用奠定基础。     

山东沂水杂岩中变基性岩的岩石地球化学特征及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

山东沂水杂岩由新太古代岩浆杂岩和中太古代的变质杂岩组成,其后者中的变基性岩石,特别是基性麻粒岩,常与紫苏花岗岩紧密伴生,而且多呈大小不等的包体或呈层状体产出。本文主要对变基性岩进行岩石地球化学和锆石SHRIMP UPb定年研究。根据岩石学特征,可将变基性岩分为三类：含紫苏辉石斜长角闪岩、含石榴子石角闪二辉斜长麻粒岩和含尖晶石—石榴子石的角闪二辉麻粒岩。它们原岩分别为安山质玄武岩、高铁镁质玄武岩和玄武质科马提岩（？）。三类岩石稀土元素和微量元素配分有一定差别：第一类含紫苏辉石斜长角闪岩富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;后二类麻粒岩相变质岩的稀土配分模式为近平坦型或轻稀土略为富集, K、Rb、Ba等元素也轻微富集,其他元素与MORB的比值接近于1。变基性岩中锆石定年结果显示有四组年龄值,其中2719Ma和2560～2607Ma分别代表早期麻粒岩相变质作用的年龄下限和上限;2509～2522Ma代表另一期角闪岩相—麻粒岩相变质作用的时代,发生在沂水岩浆杂岩侵入之后;2485Ma和2497Ma代表与流体作用有关的变质作用和新生锆石的形成年龄。     

近50年气候变化对滦河上游径流的影响

为了解近50年滦河上游气温和降水气候的变化特征、趋势及其对该流域径流量的影响,利用1956-2009年滦河上游的实测气温、降水量和径流深资料,分析了该流域气温、降水和径流深的年均和季度变化的时间序列,并建立了该流域气候变化对径流影响的复相关回归模型。结果表明,年径流深随着年降水量的减少而减少,随着年平均气温的升高而减少;春、夏和秋季的径流深随着同期降水量和气温的变化趋势与年际变化趋势基本一致,但冬季径流深则相反,而且其变化幅度非常小。     

Granule ripples in the Kumtagh Desert,China: Morphology,grain size and influencing factors

Granule ripples are found mainly in four regions of the Kumtagh Desert in China; they are characterized by an asymmetrical shape, with gentle lower slopes on both sides and abrupt crests. The ripples tend to be oriented perpendicular to the prevailing winds, except when they form near obstacles such as yardangs. The wavelengths (λ) range between 0·31 m and 26 m and heights (h) range from 0·015 m to 1 m. The relationship between wavelength and height can be described by a simple linear function, and the mean ripple index (λ/h) is about 20·4 for the study sites. The sediments are poorly sorted, with negative to very negative skewness at lee and stoss slopes and between‐ripple troughs, which confirms the ‘poured in’ and ‘shadow’ appearance described by previous researchers. The bimodal or trimodal distributions of grains (with modes of ?1·16φ, ?0·5φ and 3·16φ) and the enrichment of coarse particles at the ripple surface (with coarse granule contents ranging between 5·2% and 62·1%) indicate that the underlying layer is the original sediment source and that the granule ripples resist erosional processes. Although the impact of saltating particles and, consequently, the creep and reptation of coarse grains are responsible for granule ripple initiation at a micro‐scale, however, the characteristics of local sediments, wind regimes and topographical obstacles, as well as the feedbacks among bedform and airflow, more strongly affect the development and alignment of granule ripples at a macro‐scale.     

长江中下游晚中生代中基性岩的铅同位素特征:富集地幔的证据

长江中下游东段庐枞、怀宁、繁昌、铜陵和宁芜地区的中基性岩属于碱性系列 ,具有高的U ,Th含量和Th/Pb ,U/Pb比值 ,分别平均为 2 .82× 10 -6,9.5 6× 10 -6和 0 .6 35 ,0 .184。样品的初始铅同位素 (130Ma)组成为 :(2 0 6Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=17.6 5～ 18.6 0 ,(2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=15 .4 2～ 15 .5 0 ,(2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=37.6 7～ 38.0 4。形成中基性岩的原始岩浆来源于富集的岩石圈地幔 ,具有EMⅠ和EMⅡ ,且以EMⅡ为主的特征。和长江中下游西段黄石地区以及大别地块西南部玄武岩的比较表明 ,长江中下游地区岩石圈地幔高的Th/Pb和U/Pb比值可能和俯冲板片析出流体的交代有关。晚中生代时期 ,华北板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅠ特征为主 ,华南板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅡ特征为主 ,岩石圈地幔性质的区域性分布与印支期扬子板块深俯冲事件密切相关。虽然中国东部新生代玄武岩因岩石圈大规模减薄表现了亏损特征 ,但残留的富集岩石圈地幔在中国东部新生代玄武岩的Pb同位素中仍有所反映     

地心和月心引力常数及月球形心与质心的确定

指出了地心引力常数GMe、月心引力常数GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的意义和重要性;介绍了用空间探测器观测数据测定GMe与GMl及月球形状中心和月球质量中心的原理和方法;综合给出了利用空间探测器测定的数值。