Spatio-temporal variability of small fishes related with environmental factors in a typical domestic tap water lake,Eastern China

The knowledge of prey small ?sh stock, distribution and abundance is necessary to guide stocking of piscivorous ?sh for the biomanipulation in domestic tap water lakes. This study describes the current status of small ?sh community in Kuilei Lake(China), and examines the spatial and seasonal variations of the community in relation to key environmental factors. Based on submerged macrophyte cover and water depth, the lake was divided into ?ve major habitats:(1) macrophyte covered shallow habitat of water depth< 2.00 m,(2) uncovered or less-covered shallow habitat(2.00 m–3.50 m),(3) uncovered medium shallow habitat(3.50 m–5.00 m),(4) uncovered medium deep habitat(5.00 m–6.50 m) and(5) uncovered deep habitat(6.50 m–8.50 m). The abundance and composition of small ?sh were monitored by benthic fykenet sampling from April 2013 to January 2014. A total of 2881 individuals belonging to 5 families and 21 species were collected. Based on their abundance(accounted for 88.96% of the total) and occurrence(more than 33.33%), Acheilognathus chankaensis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Microphysogobio microstomus,Pseudorasbora parva and Rhinogobius giurinus were recognized as dominant small ?sh species. The results of correlation analysis identi?ed that species richness( Sr), Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H′)and Margalef′s richness index( D) were signi?cantly negatively correlated with water depth, but positively correlated with biomass of submerged macrophytes.Redundancy analysis(RDA) revealed that the spatial distributions of most small ?shes were negatively associated with water depth. The details of these ?ndings are bene?cial to understanding the adaptation of the small ?shes in degraded environments, and to developing suitable biomanipulation strategies for the management of ?sh resources and water quality in the lakes along the lower reach of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin.     

鲁东南新石器遗址时空格局与自然环境的关系

针对史前文化遗址的时空间分布进行研究以进一步分析环境变化对人类聚居地带来的影响,对发现和保护历史文化遗址具有重要的意义。该文运用GIS空间分析方法对鲁东南地区史前遗址的时空分布特征进行分析,并结合区域地形地貌等条件分析遗址与自然环境条件的关系。结果表明:遗址点主要分布在高程50~200m、坡度0~6°、坡向朝南且距离河流200~2100m的范围内;且遗址点的分布呈现一定的聚集性,不同时期人类活动聚集中心存在迁移现象。由此得出古代人类倾向于选择海拔高度低,坡度小,向阳且靠近水源的地方聚居,且不同时期农业经济类型和社会的发展程度一定程度的影响了人类活动中心的位置分布。探究了鲁东南地区3个时期遗址时空分布和自然环境之间的关系,分析了不同时期人类活动中心的聚散特征。     

华南石炭纪中期白云岩地层分布及其形成模式

石炭纪是地质演化历史上重要的时期,发生了全球规模的海西造山运动,晚古生代大冰期（LPIA）达到峰值,全球海平面频繁波动,导致古气候和古环境的剧烈变化。在华南,石炭纪中期,浅水碳酸盐岩台地相区广泛发育一套白云岩沉积。本文系统总结华南3个主要碳酸盐台地内白云岩的厚度及时代,识别出白云岩时空分布的差异性。结合石炭纪中期全球气候环境特征,认为冰期兴盛引发了全球海平面下降,导致华南各沉积盆地形成利于白云岩化的环境,白云岩得以发育。而白云岩时空分布的差异性可能与各沉积盆地独特的构造演化以及不同成岩模式有关。中下扬子碳酸盐岩台地白云岩的形成模式主要为萨勃哈模式和成岩早期浅埋藏的渗透回流模式,形成相对较薄的白云岩沉积;中南部和西南部碳酸盐岩台地白云岩的形成模式为渗透回流模式,成岩规模较大,沉积较厚。     

皖浙赣断裂带的界定及其基本特征

以往文献中及众多研究者所指的“皖浙赣断裂带”实际上包括了不同时代形成的、方向有变化的多组规模巨大的区域性断裂带;最早的断裂带形成于新元古代,最晚的形成于晚中生代。在地壳演化过程中,随着构造应力场的变化,不同时代的断裂带方向变化较大,新元古代晋宁期为北东向,早古生代加里东期为近东西向—北东东向,晚中生代为北北东向;每一期断裂带都有它们自己的大地构造背景和指示意义。文中认为,不同阶段形成的断裂带不能混为一谈。新元古代晋宁期的北东向断裂带南段基本上以赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带为代表,向北东延至皖南伏川断裂带,具有板块(或地体)边界断裂的性质;加里东期以近东西向祁门—歙县断裂带为代表,其西段被后期牵引成北东向,造成两侧的变质基底特征明显不同;二者均不属于皖浙赣断裂带的组成部分。而通常意义上所指的具有区域控岩控矿作用的皖浙赣断裂带,是晚中生代北北东向的赣东北—五城—歙县—绩溪—宁国断裂带,控制了侏罗—白垩纪红色盆地及燕山期岩浆岩的形成和分布,是一条具有控矿作用的重要的构造岩浆岩带。     

三极地区雪冰中黑碳研究进展

黑碳被认为是除温室气体外对气候变暖贡献最大的辐射强迫因子.三极(北极、南极和青藏高原)地区是全球雪冰分布最集中的区域,沉积至雪冰中的黑碳可反映人类活动的历史变化,并可能导致反照率降低而影响物质能量平衡.通过系统回顾三极地区雪冰黑碳的研究方法、空间分布、时间变化及其造成的辐射强迫,得到的研究结果表明:由于处于不同的地理位...     

黄河三角洲前缘桩106至黄河海港岸段海底地形冲淤变化研究

1976年黄河改道从水清沟入海后,黄河三角洲前沿桩106至黄河海港岸段的海底地形遭受强烈侵蚀,岸滩不断蚀退。黄河三角洲强侵蚀岸段岸线监测资料与历史资料分析研究结果表明,1985-2004年该区最大侵蚀深度达7.5 m,其强侵蚀区中心位置经历了由西北向东南移动的过程,范围不断缩小,目前局部地区已发生淤积现象。种种迹象表明,从冲淤并存和以侵蚀为主向冲淤平衡过渡的现象还将长期进行下去。     

宁夏土壤电阻率时空分布观测试验

通过在宁夏地区选择3种典型的土质结构,分别设置了3种不同结构的防雷接地体,经过1年的对比观测,用回归方法来分析平均气温和土壤湿度变化对不同土壤电阻率和不同结构接地电阻的影响,说明不同土质结构在不同时间（或季节）内、不同的温湿度条件下,对土壤电阻率的影响和不同结构防雷接地体的变化特点和规律,从而提出了防雷接地体的敷设和结构性能最优要求。     

Trends in stream and river temperature

Information on past and likely future trends in water temperature from different parts of the world is collated. The potential causes of trends in the thermal regimes of streams and rivers are many, but the existing database of water temperature information is inadequate to provide a global perspective on changes during the recent, let alone the more remote, past. Data from Europe suggest that warming of up to ca. 1°C in mean river temperatures has occurred during the 20th century, but that this trend has not been continuous, is distorted by extreme hydrological events, is not correlated with simple hydrometeorological factors and has been influenced by a variety of human activities. Predictive studies indicate that an accelerated rise in stream and river temperatures will occur during the next century as a consequence of global warming. However, forecasts must be tentative because future climatic conditions are uncertain and interactions between climate, hydrological and vegetation changes are complex.     

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL IN THE NAM RIVER DAM BASIN OF KOREA

An investigation into rainfall variability in time and space in the Nam River dam basin of Korea is made with the use of the coefficient of variation and the correlation coefficient. The Nam River dam basin is a small mountainous watershed where wind direction and orography are the dominant influences on the pattern and distribution of rainfall. Rainfall distribution was found to vary with elevation, position, wind direction and distance from a reference station. The results of this study can be used in the design of rain gauge network, hydrological forecasting and for other applications in the Nam River dam basin.     

区域农业用地营养盐剩余量的长期变化研究

根据太湖南部长兴县农业统计资料,对该地区1949~2002年农业用地上N、P的剩余量作出评估。评估结果认为,1949~2002年期间,单位农业用地面积的N、P剩余量具有显著地增加趋势。20世纪50及60年代期间,N的剩余量增加缓慢,自70年代中期以后增加迅速。1996年达到历史最大值。1996年后,N剩余量呈现减少趋势。60年代初期以前,P处于亏损状态。1975~1980年期间,P剩余量呈现缓慢增长趋势,其后出现回落,自80年代中期以后出现迅速增加趋势。1992~1998年期间,P剩余量维持在35~45 kg/(hm²·a)之间的高水平变化,自1999年以后出现显著回落。