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91.
Christian Werner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(8):747-762
Every basin of higher than first order is drained by a channel network composed of two subnetworks. Their basins are separated by a drainage divide line, called the basin divider, which is the primary organizing feature of the main basin. Each basin of magnitude n contains n – 1 subnetworks of higher order, and is therefore organized by a set of n – 1 dividers. The dividers and the basin boundary are interconnected in a graph called the divider network of the basin; in graph-theoretic terms this network forms a tree and has the same magnitude and link numbers as the channel network draining the basin. While the subbasins and subnetworks of a drainage basin form a nesting hierarchy, the corresponding dividers do not; indeed, any two dividers share at most one node in common, and whether they do so is independent of whether the corresponding subbasins are nesting or disjoint. However, the dividers of nesting basins are linked by recursive relationships which permit the derivation of a set of algebraic equations; these equations relate the dividers of a basin to other basin components; for example, their combined length is equal to half the length of all first-order basin boundaries minus the length of the main basin boundary. The second part of the paper explores the dependence of the divider length on other basin parameters. The expected length, as predicted by the assumption of topological randomness, is clearly rejected by the data. An alternative approach (regression) is based on the observed magnitudes of the subbasins separated by each divider, and is reasonably successful in estimating divider length. The last section introduces the concept of the standardized basin defined by a boundary length of unity; the estimated lengths of the basin divider and the basin boundary permit an approximate reconstruction of the idealized basin shape and the location of the divider in it. 相似文献
92.
93.
张孟申 《地震地磁观测与研究》1994,(4)
介绍了最新研制的PTY-8Ⅲ型地震遥测设备以及北京遥测地震台网观测系统的更新与改造。 相似文献
94.
描述了强震现场流动无线遥测地震台网观测系统的技术设计,系统构成,工作原理及应用。 相似文献
95.
THERIVERCHANNELADJUSTMENTASINFLUENCEDBYTHEFLOODPLAINGEOECOSYSTEM:ANEXAMPLEFROMTHEHONGSHANRESERVOIR¥XUJiongxin;SHIChangxing(Pr... 相似文献
96.
从水流挟沙力和河槽形态规律分析黄河调水调沙 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在分析水流挟沙力和河槽水力形态规律的基础上,研究调节流量、含沙量和泥沙组成的优化组合,解决河道输沙减淤和河槽相对稳定问题,提出调水调沙方向。达到合理利用水资源和河道减淤与治理相结合的目的. 相似文献
97.
Natural bedrock rivers flow in self‐formed channels and form diverse erosional morphologies. The parameters that collectively define channel morphology (e.g. width, slope, bed roughness, bedrock exposure, sediment size distribution) all influence river incision rates and dynamically adjust in poorly understood ways to imposed fluid and sediment fluxes. To explore the mechanics of river incision, we conducted laboratory experiments in which the complexities of natural bedrock channels were reduced to a homogenous brittle substrate (sand and cement), a single sediment size primarily transported as bedload, a single erosion mechanism (abrasion) and sediment‐starved transport conditions. We find that patterns of erosion both create and are sensitive functions of the evolving bed topography because of feedbacks between the turbulent flow field, sediment transport and bottom roughness. Abrasion only occurs where sediment impacts the bed, and so positive feedback occurs between the sediment preferentially drawn to topographic lows by gravity and the further erosion of these lows. However, the spatial focusing of erosion results in tortuous flow paths and erosional forms (inner channels, scoops, potholes), which dissipate flow energy. This energy dissipation is a negative feedback that reduces sediment transport capacity, inhibiting further incision and ultimately leading to channel morphologies adjusted to just transport the imposed sediment load. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
张军 《测绘与空间地理信息》2002,25(1):40-41
介绍GPS实时定位RTK(Real-TimeKinematics)技术原理及其关键性技术 ,阐述了该技术在航道测量中应用 ,得出了一些结论 相似文献
99.
扩散质进入窄浅型河道后,通常采用有限差分法求解一维对流分散方程进行水质模拟,计算相对复杂。为简化计算,提出了根据河道断面特征等水力特性,将河道划分为若干单元,忽略不灵敏因子分散项对单元间扩散质交换的影响,并引入单元均匀混合假定,提出了基于均匀混合假设的天然河道水质模拟方法,建立相应的水质数学模型。算例表明,该模型运算稳定,与有限差分法模拟精度相当,但可大大简化并节省计算工作量。 相似文献
100.