浅论我国农业新技术革命

当今,农业与相关科学技术的迅速发展使世界农业正孕育着一场革命,结我国农业发展带来闻机遇和压力,我们需加强农业新技术和理论的研究,抢占制高点,加速农业产业化进程,改革科技体制,加强国际合作与交流,发展信息农业,抓住机遇迎接挑战。     

伴生银矿石的工艺类型及其可选性特征（下）

伴生银矿石的工艺类型及其可选性特征（下）①李艺（中国有色金属工业总公司矿产地质研究院,桂林５４１００４）３伴生银铜矿石的工艺类型及其可选性特征伴生银铜矿石的工艺类型划分及工艺特征列于表２。３．１易选型矿石该类型矿石只划分一个亚类,即斑铜矿辉铜矿型银铜...     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

Preparing Preservice Teachers to Incorporate Geospatial Technologies in Geography Teaching

This study evaluated the efficacy of geospatial technology (GT) learning experiences in two geography curriculum courses to determine their effectiveness for developing preservice teacher confidence and preparing preservice teachers to incorporate GT in their teaching practices. Surveys were used to collect data from preservice teachers at three intervals over one semester. Results indicate preservice teachers' confidence and competencies to successfully integrate GT in their teaching increased over the duration of the study. The findings highlight the value of providing GT learning experiences in geography curriculum courses and contribute to the literature on preparing preservice teachers to incorporate GT in teaching geography.     

中国区域产业演化路径——基于技术关联性与技术复杂性的研究

论文基于技术关联性与技术复杂性划分出4类区域产业演化路径,利用2000—2016年中国海关进出口贸易数据库,集成不同类型新产业识别方法,在分析中国出口产业空间格局演变基础上重点研究了不同地区产业演化路径存在的差异及变化趋势。研究发现：① 中国出口产业经历了空间分散化过程。2000—2016年中国出口产业首先由粤闽地区向长三角核心城市和山东省等地转移,再向长三角外围城市、中西部省会城市和江西省等地转移。② 中国区域产业演化以路径依赖型为主,但发达地区有更强路径突破性。2000—2016年路径依赖型新产业占新产业总数的70%左右,路径突破型新产业占30%左右。中国东部沿海发达城市和中西部省会城市产业演化更具路径突破性,中西部普通地级市更具路径依赖性。③ 不论是路径依赖型产业分化还是路径突破型产业创生,新产业不必然具有更高技术复杂度。在路径依赖型新产业中,约一半的技术复杂度高于其在位母产业。在路径突破型新产业中,约2/3的技术复杂度高于城市平均水平。④ 不同地区产业演化路径存在较大差异,东部发达地区发展出更多路径突破型新产业,并且新产业技术复杂度高于城市平均水平;中西部普通地级市多充分利用现有知识与技术发展技术复杂度更低的新产业。从变化趋势来看,东部沿海地区路径突破且技术复杂度提高型新产业逐步增多,中西部普通地级市路径依赖且技术复杂度降低型新产业一直占有较高比重。因此,中国政府亟需制定政策推动中西部普通地级市产业发展的路径突破。     

基于GIS的城市居住适宜性评价研究

经过认真分析传统城市居住适宜性评价方法之后,本文提出了基于GIS技术的城市居住适宜性评价方法。运用层次分析方法(AHP)建立城市居住适宜性评价指标体系,通过GIS空间分析生成符合评价指标体系的派生数据集,对该数据集重新分类后消除量纲的影响,使得各项指标之间具有量值可比性。最后按照评价模型中各指标的权重对各成本数据进行叠加,生成城市居住适宜性评价专题图。实验结果表明该方法提高了工作效率和评价结果的准确性,实现了评价结果的可视化分析研究,为城市总体规划,房地产开发、居民购房以及商业分析提供参考。     

官寨井田9号煤层煤质特征分析与评价

官寨井田位于贵州省黔西县西南部,已查明井田内9号煤层矿产资源量6 405万t,潜在矿产资源量1 278万t;9号煤为中—细条带状结构,似金属光泽,参差状断口,内、外生裂隙较发育,属中等可磨煤;宏观煤岩类型为半暗—半亮型,显微煤岩类型为微镜惰煤;煤质为中高灰分、特低挥发份、中高固定碳、中高硫、特低磷、中热值、高稳定性的三号无烟煤,可作动力煤和民用燃煤使用。     

Zero Growth of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Use:China’s Objectives,Progress and Challenges

In 2015 China’s Ministry of Agriculture introduced two Actions that seek to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides by 2020. Success in reaching these targets will help control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase cost efficiency, energy conservation and emission reductions, help to ensure the safety and quality of the national grain supply and agricultural products and the safety of the ecological environment, and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. However, successful implementation will be crucial. This article considers the main contents of the Actions and analyzes their feasibility from the perspectives of policy formulation, local practices, technical support and achievements. We identify problems and challenges and suggest that zero growth of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use can be achieved by undertaking basic research on the factors that shape the use of farm chemicals, making improvements to the monitoring and statistical system for chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, setting up demonstration projects and enhancing policies formulated to reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.     

演化经济地理视角下的技术关联研究进展

技术关联是现阶段演化经济地理学的重要概念,对演化经济地理学的发展和现实经济增长路径的探索具有重要意义。本文在演化经济地理学的背景下,探讨技术关联的概念和测度方法,从静态和动态2个视角探究技术关联影响产品演化的微观作用机制,并在国家、区域和企业等不同尺度上梳理了相关研究成果,绝大多数研究证明了产品演化路径显著依赖技术关联,即遵循路径依赖过程。近年来一些研究成果发现,有些区域通过向技术不相关产品进行演化从而实现了路径突破,并对其原因进行剖析,发现金融危机与扶持政策等外生力量和地方环境与制度等内生变量都会导致路径突破。中国发展路径的特殊性为西方演化经济地理学研究提供很好的案例,同时也为中国演化经济地理学的发展创造重要契机。     

焦页60-5HF井钻井技术

焦页60-5HF井是处于焦石坝构造东南翼的一口页岩气水平井,该井设计井深5290 m,井斜69.30°,垂深3945.04 m,闭合位移2513.99 m。在实际施工中为确保水平段在储层中延伸,经多次调整后,最终完钻井深5235.00 m,井斜81.8°,垂深3820.56 m,水平位移2509.53 m,水平段长1775.00 m,为重庆涪陵工区垂深最深的一口水平井。实际施工中为保证井眼轨迹在储层中穿行,克服了井下工具抗高温、水平段摩阻大、定向托压、井眼轨迹防碰等诸多问题,成功完成了该井的施工任务,为该地区施工超深井提供了可借鉴的经验。