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91.
Variability of shallow overland flow velocity and soil aggregate transport observed with digital videography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field experiments at Tiramoana station 30 km north of Christchurch, New Zealand using an erosion plot 16·5 m long, 0·6 m wide, and with a slope of 14–14·5° on rendzina soil aimed to measure the variability of flow velocity and of soil aggregates transport rate in shallow overland flow. Discharge/cross‐section area ratio was used to estimate mean velocity, and high‐speed digital video camera and image analysis provided information about flow and sediment transport variability. Six flow runs with 0·5–3·0 L s?1 discharges were supercritical with Froude numbers close to or more than 1. Mean flow velocity followed Poiseuille law, float numbers were more than 1·5 and hydraulic resistance was an inverse proportional function of the Reynolds number, which is typical for laminar flows. Hence actual velocity varied through time significantly and the power spectrum was of ‘red‐noise’, which is typical for turbulent flow. Sediment transport rates had even higher variability, and soil aggregates transport was a compound Poisson process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
冻融交替对砒砂岩与沙复配土壤团粒结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为研究冻融交替对砒砂岩与沙复配土壤团粒结构的影响,采用室内模拟冻融实验方法,研究了不同冻融周期和黏粒含量对复配土壤团粒结构的影响.结果表明:冻融周期、黏粒含量及二者的交互作用对复配土壤各级团粒结构组成均具有显著或极显著的影响.复配土壤黏粒含量越高,团粒结构的稳定性越高;在冻融作用下,随着复配土壤中沙比例的增大,大团粒结构含量总体呈降低趋势,降低速率先减小后增大,且砒砂岩与沙比例为1:1时大团粒结构降低的速率最小.结果说明冻融交替作用降低了土壤团粒结构的稳定性,将较大颗粒团粒结构崩解破碎成小粒级颗粒,更易于砒砂岩和沙复配成土. 相似文献
93.
Kerry M. Soileau 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1990,49(1):11-29
Assuming the motion of particles in an orbiting aggregate (e.g., the Oort Cloud is unperturbed Keplerian, the mean joint density of distance and speed depends only upon the densities of eccentricity and semi-major axis length. We derive a formula for the mean joint density of distance and speed in terms of these densities. Also provided are formulae which, given an observed mean joint density of distance and speed, permit the computation of the corresponding semi-major axis length and eccentricity densities. The results of this paper permit one to derive the structure of an orbiting aggregate given a minimum of information.Box 58421 Houston, Texas 77058 相似文献
94.
A previously developed two-dimensional numerical model is further developed for simulating the transport of dissolved contaminants originating from dissolution of a coal tar pool in a stratified, saturated porous medium. The model is used to simulate contaminant transport resulting from a rectangular-shaped coal-tar-pool dissolution experiment conducted in a large-scale experimental aquifer. The experimental porous medium consists of two sand strata, a high-hydraulic-conductivity upper stratum and a low-hydraulic-conductivity bottom stratum. The experiment was conducted to a time of 354 days and the groundwater velocity was changed several times within this duration. Model simulations show good agreement against observed contaminant concentrations, and simulations show that dissolved solute below the pool migrated deeper into the bottom stratum as compared to the upper stratum. Furthermore, simulations also suggest that contaminant concentrations in the lower stratum never reached quasi steady-state during the experimental time frame. 相似文献
95.
It has been recognized that there exists a serious need for recovery and reuse of industrial wastes. Agglomeration by pelletization method can alleviate the problems associated with fly ash. The objective of this study was to evaluate the material properties of manufactured aggregates produced from fly ash and cement mixing by pelletization method. Engineering properties of the manufactured aggregates were evaluated experimentally. Crushing strength, specific gravity, water absorption, particle size distribution, surface characteristics and shear strength properties of the manufactured aggregates were evaluated. For all practical purposes, the study showed that the manufactured aggregates are a good alternative for wide range civil engineering applications. 相似文献
96.
在含沙量为85 kg/m3的悬浊液中投加阳型高分子聚合物,改变水力紊动条件:剪切速率(r)或速度梯度(G)与剪切时间(t),借助沉降技术、图像分析技术及分形特性定量表征参数“分维”探讨了架桥絮体结构的演变规律,得出分形结构达最佳状态时的水力紊动强度(Gt)值存在两个临界值:快速絮凝阶段和慢速絮凝阶段。实验发现,不同含沙量架桥絮体分形结构致密度最高时所需的最佳Gt值相近。含沙量越低,r或G值应降低,t值增加,分维值降低。另外,相同含沙量无机混凝剂絮体与高分子架桥絮体分形结构达最佳时,前者所需Gt值高,对应的G值低,t需延长,絮体平均质量分维(D3)值高,但絮体结构脆弱。 相似文献
97.
长期施肥影响下亚热带红壤性水稻土团聚体组成及氮储量分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以亚热带典型红壤性水稻土为研究对象,利用干筛法研究长期单施化肥和化肥配施有机肥对耕作层和犁底层土壤团聚体组成及其全氮储量分布的影响.结果表明:>5 mm的块状结构是土壤团聚体的主要组分,其含量比例高达65.7%~83.4%;同时,该级团聚体中全氮储量占土壤总储量的比例亦高达63.1%~82.7%,是土壤全氮储量的主要载体.随土层加深,块状结构体比例增加,其他粒级团聚体含量降低.除<0.25 mm粒级外,团聚体中全氮含量随其粒径减小而增大,而全氮储量则呈降低趋势.施肥特别是化肥配施有机肥后同土层0.25~5 mm大团聚体含量显著增加.团聚体稳定性增强,2~5、0.5~2、0.25~0.5 mm团聚体及土壤中全氮含量和储量显著增加(P<0.05),新增氮储量主要向大团聚体,特别是2~5 mm团聚体中富集.施肥对团聚体组成及其全氮含量的影响随土层加深而减弱.与单施化肥相比较,化肥配施有机肥显著提升犁底层和全层土壤全氮储量(P<0.05),是更好的施肥模式,可在亚热带红壤性水稻土分布区推广应用. 相似文献
98.
对太平洋牡蛎卵母细胞减数分裂中期同源染色体联会时的聚合形态、聚合体数目以及同源染色体间交叉数目进行了观察与统计。结果表明:在太平洋牡蛎卵母细胞中,聚合体数目变化8~11个不等,以10个二价体为主要存在形式,占82.06%;聚合体形态变化较大,主要有“X”,“V”,“Y”,“∝”,“O”,“8”,棒型及双交叉,其中以“X”型为主要交叉形式,占50.0%;交叉点数目在10~14之间变动,平均为11.2。 相似文献
99.