珠江三角洲千年尺度演变的动态平衡及其唯象判据探讨

本文从学科交叉需要审视"平衡态"这一重要的基本概念在若干学科,包括河口海岸学的异同,简述6 000~2 500 a BP珠江河口三角洲主要动力沉积结构演变。在形态动力模型PRD-LTMM基础上选取水深-面积作为系统表征变量,分析不同子系统的统计特性并构建各自的信源概率空间,计算子系统水深信息熵的时间序列。通过比较沉积动力结构演变和地貌信息熵序列,发现地貌信息熵可以作为在给定意义上的系统"形态动力平衡"的唯象状态函数。     

NF-GMDH-Based self-organized systems to predict bridge pier scour depth under debris flow effects

Existence of debris structures inevitably ascends the rate of scour process around bridge piers and flow area not only lead into remarkable deviation of flow but also increase the velocity around bridge piers. A myriad of experimental and field studies to understand effective parameters on the scour depth with debris effects were conducted. To reach permissible values of the scour depth for the practical uses, relationships extracted in previous investigations suffer from lack of generalization for experimental data ranges. In this way, neuro-fuzzy group method of data handling (NF-GMDH)-based self-organized models is applied to evaluate the pier scour depth. In this study, NF-GMDH network is implemented using evolutionary algorithms listed particle swarm optimization (PSO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and genetic algorithm (GA). In all, 243 experimental datasets including a wide range of input and output parameters to develop the proposed models were compiled from various literature. The efficiency of NF-GMDH networks for training and testing stages was perused. NF-GMDH-PSO model provided the scour depth with more precise predictions (root mean squared error (RMSE)?=?0.388 and scatter index (SI)?=?0.343) in comparison with NF-GMDH-GA (RMSE?=?0.402 and SI?=?0.361) and NF-GMDH-GSA (RMSE?=?0.456 and SI?=?0.407) networks. In addition, blockage ratio (ΔA) was taken into account as the most sumptuous parameter with utmost level of effectiveness using the sensitivity analysis.     

Effect of shape memory alloy-magnetorheological fluid-based structural control system on the marine structure using nonlinear time-history analysis

Marine structures, as key elements in the global energy network, constantly are subjected to harsh environmental loading conditions. Therefore, reliable yet efficient structural control mechanisms are required to ensure their safe functionality and structural stability. In the present work, a novel hybrid structural control element for marine structures has been designed in which the superelasticity effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) and damping controllability of magnetorheological fluid (MRF), as smart materials, have been combined. The novel system does not require huge external energy for activation and in addition, the system has the ability to be tuned for variable loading conditions. To show the functionality of the proposed control system, the performance of a simplified marine structure equipped with the present novel control system is evaluated by simulating the response of a sample structure under three scaled ground motions, namely, Christchurch, Imperial Valley, Parkfield. The results are compared to structures with the SMA-based system and structures with the MRF-based control system. It is observed that the present hybrid SMA-MRF control system significantly improves the performance of marine structures under seismic loadings.     

北黄海海域的重磁场特征及其地质意义

北黄海是我国近海勘探程度最低的海区,到目前为止只进行了地球物理调查工作,没有进行钻探。根据最新的重磁数据,详细地分析了北黄海海域的重磁场特征、构造特征、基底岩相构造和岩浆岩分布。通过重磁数据处理解释推测认为:两条NW向的次级隆起将海洋岛隆起与刘公岛隆起连接起来,同时将北黄海盆地分成3部分;研究区内断裂非常发育,即有切割较深的深大断裂,又有一般的基底断裂,还存在许多较小的断裂;基底为太古界—元古界变质岩;区内岩浆岩分布广泛,以燕山期中酸性侵入岩为主。     

褶皱相关断层——以库车坳陷新生界盐上构造层为例

以盐构造解析的方法,综合地震与地质资料,表明库车坳陷新生界中的盐上断层受控于褶皱作用。盐上地层首先发生褶皱变形,随着褶皱作用的加强,然后发生断裂作用,盐上构造层的变形方式为褶皱相关断层,其变形特征不同于断层相关褶皱。从断层成因机制可见:断层相关褶皱理论不适用于库车新生代坳陷盐构造发育区。库车坳陷膏盐层的发育造成盐上构造层与盐下构造层变形有差异,盐上构造层以褶皱作用为主,盐下构造层以冲断作用为主。库车坳陷盐上构造层主要为褶皱相关断层,发育张性断块、后翼突破断层、前翼突破断层及褶皱相关断层组合等构造样式,根据盐上构造层的变形特征总结了褶皱相关断层的演化。     

微生物形成的原生沉积构造研究进展综述

早在上世纪60年代,沉积学家Pettijohn和Potter曾经将形成原生沉积构造的地质作用划分为剥蚀作用、搬运作用、沉积作用和变形作用。在沉积期间和沉积之后到沉积物还未固结之前由上述作用所产生的沉积构造被定义为“原生沉积构造”,包括各种类型的层理、层面上的各种作用痕迹以及各种变形现象。在该分类之中,叠层石被定义为突出沉积面的正生长构造,这种构造由微生物与同沉积胶结作用共同构建而成。上世纪90年代中期至今,随着研究程度的深入,沉积学家们越来越认识到除了叠层石以外,微生物还会形成一种并不突出于底层面的原生沉积构造,并被认为是微生物席或微生物膜与各种物理作用营力共同作用的产物。这些作用营力包括剥蚀作用、搬运作用、沉积作用和变形作用。该类沉积构造被定义为微生物形成的原生沉积构造并被归为第五类原生沉积构造。正如叠层石主要产在前寒武纪以及显生宙未受到后生动物强烈改造的浅水环境中一样,微生物形成的原生沉积构造也主要发育在前寒武纪,以及显生宙的一些未受到后生动物强烈改造的潮坪和潟湖等环境之中。因此,该类沉积构造（第五类原生沉积构造）的研究,对于前寒武纪沉积环境重塑具有重要意义。燕山地区元古界串岭沟组和大红峪组碎屑岩中的变余波痕、皱饰构造和纺锤状裂缝,是碎屑岩中微生物形成的原生沉积构造的代表; 高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩（以灰岩为主）层面上发育大型皱饰构造和变余波痕,是碳酸盐岩中微生物形成的原生沉积构造的代表。这些沉积构造的发现和初步研究,为今后进一步深入研究奠定了良好的基础。     

库车新生代构造性质和变形时间

库车构造位于南天山古生代碰撞造山带之南,为塔里木盆地最北的一个构造带。它自北而南可分为边缘逆冲（ 隐伏构造楔） 、斯的克背斜带、北部线性背斜带、拜城盆地、南部背斜带。每个背斜带又包含有若干逆冲断层相关褶皱,它们是断层转折褶皱、断层传播褶皱、滑脱褶皱、断层传播 滑脱混生褶皱、双重逆冲构造、突发构造、三角带构造。底部逆冲断层向南变浅,堆叠逆冲岩席向南变薄,总体上形成一个向南的逆冲构造楔。逆冲断层在斯的克背斜带侵位最早（２５ Ｍａ） ,在北部线性背斜带为１６９ Ｍａ,拜城盆地中的大宛其背斜为３６ Ｍａ,南部背斜带为５３ Ｍａ（ 北部） 和１８ Ｍａ（ 南部） ,变形作用向南变新。库车构造是印 藏板块碰撞的内陆构造响应,是二叠纪前陆盆地复活而成的再生前陆盆地变形带     

承德市的煤炭资源和含煤区预测

本文在简要分析了承德市煤炭资源现状,探讨了该区的成煤地质条件,对推覆构造之下隐伏含煤区、火山岩覆盖含煤区及裸露含煤区进行了预测研究。提出了加强煤田勘查建议。     

Study on moist potential vorticity and symmetric instability during a heavy rain event occurred in the Jiang-Huai valleys

In the light of the theory on moist potential vorticity (MPV) investigation was undertaken of the 700 hPa vertical (horizontal) component MP1 (MPV2) for the heavy rain event occurring in Ju-ly 5-6,1991. Results show that the distribution features of the two components were closely related to the development of a mesoscale cyclone as a rainstorm-causing weather system in the lower troposphere in such a way that the ambient atmosphere of which MPV1>0 and MPV2<0 with |MPVl|≥|MPV2| favored the genesis of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) and that, as in-dicated by calculations, a CSI sector was really existent in the lower troposphere during the heavy rain happening and contributed greatly to its development.     

苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)——非地震方法

在北苏鲁超高压变质带(UHPM)上开展了深反射地震的同时,进行了大地电磁、地磁、放射性测量和重磁编图.本文介绍用这些方法取得的结果.两条区域性的地球物理剖面总长126km,经过二维反演取得了电阻率和磁性体剖面.结果表明:(1)大地电磁等综合地球物理资料与深反射地震剖面的推断结果基本一致,同样反映了UHPM岩块的俯冲折返与后期的隆升.(2)非地震地球物理资料不仅为地震解释提供约束,还可以提供地热流上涌、断裂和磁性体分布等更多的信息.(3)新发现莒南-海州北北西向断裂,对研究本区构造演化有重要意义.(4)根据地热流上涌、侵入体多和高波速体埋藏较深等特征,认为在本区进行科学钻探不够理想.