Reflected and transmitted waves in a channel with side porous mattresses

The problem of wave propagation and wave damping in a channel with side porous mattresses of arbitrary shape protruding from the walls is studied. The solution was achieved by applying 3-D boundary element method and was employed to study wave field in the channel and to analyze the effect of the geometry of the mattresses and physical and hydraulic properties of porous material on wave damping. The results show that wave damping in the channel strongly depends on wave parameters, especially, on the wave number. Wave reflection and transmission decrease with increasing the wave number. The results also show that the wave field in the channel strongly depends on the geometry of the mattresses as well as on physical and hydraulic properties of porous material used to build these wave dampers. The geometry of the mattresses and physical and hydraulic properties of porous material have a moderate effect on wave reflection and a significant effect on wave transmission. The results show that wave transmission down the channel decreases with increasing the length and thickness of the mattresses. Moreover, wave transmission decreases with increasing the porosity and damping properties of porous media used to build the mattresses. The analysis shows that porous mattresses protruding from the channel walls are very efficient in damping water waves propagating down the channel and may be built in channels to reduce high waves and achieve desired wave conditions. Theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data.     

东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比

基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群,其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90 m深处,推测属于距今320~200 ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90 m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105 a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。     

The new wave overtopping database for coastal structures

Significant effort has been made to generate a homogeneous database on wave overtopping consisting of more than 10,000 irregular wave overtopping tests from more than 160 independent projects or test series, each described by means of 31 parameters. Many coastal structures, including dikes, rubble mound breakwaters, berm breakwaters, caisson structures and combinations have been considered and have been schematised for inclusion in the database. All these overtopping tests are represented by over 300,000 numbers in the database.     

北黄海盆地地质构造特征及其在油气勘探中的意义

通过对近年来在北黄海盆地的油气勘探认识的总结,结合区域地质研究成果,从盆地的基底结构、地质结构和主要构造类型等方面对北黄海盆地的地质构造特征进行了分析。提出北黄海盆地是在前中生代结晶基底之上发展起来的,盆地经历了走滑拉分(J3-K1)、断陷(E2-E3)、拗陷(N—Q)3次主要的沉降作用过程,形成了下、中、上3个构造层,在盆地内发育了断裂、褶皱和潜山3种基本构造类型。盆地的这种构造特征为盆地内油气的生成运聚提供了物质基础和边界条件,特别是晚侏罗世—早白垩世由于走滑拉分形成的下构造层具有较好的生烃物质基础,同时还有良好的圈闭发育条件,后期的构造改造也有利于油气的生成聚集,应是北黄海盆地的主要勘探对象。     

台风"云娜"的热动力结构模拟试验研究

对2004年8月登陆我国的台风"云娜"的热动力结构及其演变进行了数值模拟。试验从大尺度环境场、台风中尺度动力和热力场三维结构、台风云雨特征等多角度,对模拟结果与实际观测进行了对比。结果表明,模式不仅较准确地再现了台风登陆前24h移动和演变的全过程,在移向、移速和登陆时间、地点上与实况十分接近,而且对台风系统中尺度结构、云雨特征的模拟与分析场及卫星观测也有较好的一致性。采用的模拟工具是新开发的双重嵌套AREM模式,该模式是静力模式,但对台风仍有较强的模拟能力。此外,本试验无任何人为台风模型的嵌入是其中的一个特点,从而增加了试验的可信度。     

Mitigation of Ice-Induced Vibrations for Offshore Platforms Using Tuned Mass Damper

The problems of ice-induced vibration have been noticed and concerned since the 1960s, but it has not been well resolved. One reason is that the dynamic interaction between ice and structure is so complicated that practical ice force model has not been developed. The recent full-scale tests conducted on jacket platforms in the Bohai Sea presented that ice could cause intense vibrations which endanger the facilities on the deck and make discomfort for the crew. In this paper, the strategy of mitigation of ice-induced offshore structure vibration is discussed. Based on field observations and understanding of the interaction between ice and structure, the absorption mitigation method to suppress ice-induced vibration is presented. The numerical simulations were conducted for a simplified model of platform attached with a Tuned Mass Danlper （TMD） under ice force function and ice force time history. The simulation results show that TMD can fa- vorably reduce ice-induced vibrations, therefore, it can be considered to be an alternative approach to utilize. Finally, the application possibilities of utilizing TMDs on other miniature offshore structures in ice-covered areas of marginal oil fields are discussed.     

松辽盆地北安地区断陷期构造特征的地震学证据及其油气意义

北安地区位于松辽盆地内的东北部,共有姚家组顶界、泉头组顶界、营城组顶界、基岩顶界四个主要地震反射层位,缺失登娄库组反射层.北安断陷期地层反射能量均较弱,且基本为中低频反射.北安断陷是北安地区最重要的一个断陷,北安断陷西侧发育有北安西断裂,走向北北东,在平面展布上近"S"型,主要发育于侏罗系地层;北安断陷东侧发育有北安东断裂,走向北北东,其特点是上逆下正,从姚家组断至侏罗系地层.北安地区发育有较大的正向反转构造.北安地区反转构造对油气成藏的影响较大,主要表现在:(1)反转构造为油气聚集提供了圈闭;(2)反转构造作用促进了油气再次运移;(3)反转构造作用使地层拱张,产生了许多断裂,改善了储集性能.     

中国北部得尔布干成矿带构造演化与成矿作用

得尔布干断裂带控制了火山 侵入杂岩作用 ,形成了多金属成矿带。多期次构造 岩浆活动 ,在成矿带内形成了不同时期规模不等的侵入岩体及大面积分布的中生代火山岩。在区内已发现金、银、铜等多金属矿产地百余处 ,矿床空间分布明显受断裂控制。研究表明 :得尔布干断裂带经历了加里东期到第三纪多期构造演化并伴有相应的岩浆活动。深断裂控制区域构造发展 ,次级断裂对成矿起导矿、容矿作用。本文从构造控矿作用入手 ,分析研究区内各类矿床的构造控矿因素 ,提出了成矿带内多级构造控矿作用 ,对今后在我国东北部找矿有一定的指导意义。     

Biological structures as a source of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity on the deep ocean margins

Biological structures exert a major influence on species diversity at both local and regional scales on deep continental margins. Some organisms use other species as substrates for attachment, shelter, feeding or parasitism, but there may also be mutual benefits from the association. Here, we highlight the structural attributes and biotic effects of the habitats that corals, sea pens, sponges and xenophyophores offer other organisms. The environmental setting of the biological structures influences their species composition. The importance of benthic species as substrates seems to increase with depth as the complexity of the surrounding geological substrate and food supply decline. There are marked differences in the degree of mutualistic relationships between habitat-forming taxa. This is especially evident for scleractinian corals, which have high numbers of facultative associates (commensals) and few obligate associates (mutualists), and gorgonians, with their few commensals and many obligate associates. Size, flexibility and architectural complexity of the habitat-forming organism are positively related to species diversity for both sessile and mobile species. This is mainly evident for commensal species sharing a facultative relationship with their host. Habitat complexity is enhanced by the architecture of biological structures, as well as by biological interactions. Colony morphology has a great influence on feeding efficiency for suspension feeders. Suspension feeding, habitat-forming organisms modify the environment to optimize their food uptake. This environmental advantage is also passed on to associated filter-feeding species. These effects are poorly understood but represent key points for understanding ecosystems and biodiversity on continental margins. In this paper we explore the contributions of organisms and the biotic structures they create (rather than physical modifications) to habitat heterogeneity and diversity on the deep continental margins.