黄河入海径流量与河口沉积物的侵蚀关系

河口地区海水环境变化复杂,岸滩侵蚀严重,入海径流对侵蚀的影响不可忽视。从入海径流量与河口盐度变化的关系入手,主要阐述了海水盐度变化对河口泥沙沉降及泥沙沉降后固结的影响,进而讨论盐度变化对河口沉积物侵蚀的影响,其中,着重对黄河口地区入海径流量与河口沉积物侵蚀的关系进行了探讨;并且概述了黄河口沉积物侵蚀相关的研究情况,指出在黄河三角洲等河口岸滩侵蚀的研究中,可以以盐度等为媒介,把入海径流与沉积物本身联系起来,综合考虑分析岸滩侵蚀机理。     

Changjiang River sediment delivering into the sea in response to water storage of Sanxia Reservoir in 2003

1 IntroductionHuman activitieshavebeen stronglyaffecting theworld river sedimentsupply to the oceans since the19thor20thcentury(StanleyandW arne,1993;Fanos,1995;Sm ithandW inkley,1996;Stanley,1996;Yang,Shi,etal.,2004;Yang,Zhao,etal.,2002).Thesedi-m enttra…     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of sulfate-reducing bacteria from deep sediment layers of the tropical West Pacific warm pool

1IntroductionThe tropical West Pacific warm pool(TWP-WP),which spans an area roughly between10°Nto10°S of the equator from Indonesia to the dateline,has the world’s warmest sea surface temperature ofbeing greater than29℃.With the increase of recog-niz…     

LEADAT: a MATLAB-based program for lead-210 data analysis of sediment cores

1Introduction Tracking the history of man s impact on the en-vironment, it is clear that in many places the periodof greatest impact and most dramatic transformationlies within the last 150 a (Oldfield and Appleby,1984). Many aspects of this impact can be…     

西北冰洋表-底层碳动力学耦合作用的同位素(13C,234Th)指示

The coupling of upper ocean-benthic carbon dynamics in the ice-free western Arctic Ocean(the Chukchi Sea and the Canada Basin) was evaluated during the late July–early September 2003 using natural stable(13C) and radioactive(238U-234Th) isotope tracers. POC export flux estimated from 234Th/238 U disequilibria and dissolved CO2 concentration([CO2(aq)]) pointed out that the strengthened biological pump in the Chukchi Shelf have significantly lowered [CO2(aq)] and altered the magnitude of isotopic(12C/13C) fractionation during carbon fixation in the surface ocean. Further, d13 C signatures of surface sediments(d13Csed) are positively correlated to those of weighted d13 CPOC in upper ocean(d13Csed =13.64+1.56×d13CPOC, r2=0.73, p0.01), suggesting that the POC isotopic signals from upper ocean have been recorded in the sediments, partly due to the rapid export of particles as evidenced by low residence times of the highly particle-reactive 234 Th from the upper water column. It is suggested that there probably exists an upper ocean-benthic coupling of carbon dynamics, which likely assures the sedimentary d13 C record an indicator of paleo-CO2 in the western Arctic Ocean.     

基于声纳图像纹理特征的海底底质分类方法研究

一般不同底质的海底声纳图的纹理特征不同。重点分析了不同底质声纳图像纹理特征的差异,为底质分类的实现提供了基础。并提取了海底声纳图像的灰度共生矩阵,将灰度共生矩阵的统计特征作为特征向量。最后应用自组织迭代(ISODATA)分类算法依据对特征向量进行分类,从而实现了海底底质的划分。     

冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展

冲绳海槽作为浅水陆架与深海大洋之间联系的过渡地带,其海底的厚层沉积物记录了晚第四纪海平面波动、构造活动、气候变化,以及冲绳海槽古环境演化信息,因此,对于冲绳海槽沉积物的研究一直是边缘海研究中的热点问题之一,而识别沉积物物源成为解决这一系列问题的关键。众多学者已对冲绳海槽沉积物的来源进行了诸多探讨,并取得了丰硕的成果。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,系统地总结了冲绳海槽沉积物的来源及示踪方法,包括矿物学、地球化学以及环境磁学,评述了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来沉积物物源的识别工作提出了展望。     

海底裸置与埋置管线自沉过程对比研究

海底管线是海洋油气输运系统的重要组成成分,其稳定性和安全性尤为重要。通过有限元软件ABAQUS,应用Mohr-Coulomb模型,模拟海底裸置与埋置管线自沉过程。通过平衡初始地应力,设置管土接触,考虑重力和浮力作用,进行土体固结分析,计算裸置与埋置管线的土体与管线竖直位移,并进行管线悬跨研究。计算结果显示,对于裸置管线,参数的改变使土体更容易发生塑性屈服,土体的竖直位移量更大;对于埋置管线,当管线埋深较浅、管线上方土体重量不大时,参数的改变使管线平均密度与周围土体密度相差越大土体越容易发生塑性屈服,土体的竖直位移量越大。当管线悬空时,悬跨长度过大易使管线两端支撑土体被压溃,管线易产生大变形而失稳,因此在管线安装与维护过程中,一定要采取措施降低悬跨长度,保证管线运营安全。     

Distributional characteristics of grain sizes of surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary

Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.     

基于遗传小波神经网络的海底声学底质识别分类

分割海底声纳探测图像,提取单元特征向量进行主成份分析,选取均值、标准差、对比度、相关系数、能量及同质性作为训练特征向量,构建小波神经网络。利用遗传算法优化小波神经网络的初始权值及小波参数,对砂、礁石、泥3种底质类型分别进行训练,并得到3种底质的测试精度都在90%以上,优于单独利用小波神经网络进行训练时的测试精度,克服了小波神经网络训练时易陷入局部极小的固有缺陷,表明基于遗传算法的小波神经网络可有效用于海底底质声纳图像的识别和分类。