SARS空间传播模式及其在疫情监控信息系统设计中的应用

在中国控制SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)疫情扩散与蔓延的大量科学实践活动基础上，从人地系统科学的理论和观点出发，提出了各种致病因子在人地互动过程中转移路径的逻辑模型，进而又提出了控制SARS疫情发展的人地互动逻辑模型。从后一个模型出发，把中国SARS疫情的发展规律归纳为5种传播模式，即异类病毒转移传播模式、家庭和社区接触传播模式、医院和门诊感染传播模式、市内随机扩散传播模式和飞点跳跃跨区传播模式。其中，跨区传播模式的影响最广泛、危害最巨大、控制起来最艰巨、复杂，是建立中国突发公共卫生事件应急机制、增强应急能力需要解决的主要问题和关键内容。为此，作者对中国的疫情控制应急机制及其实现提出了一些具体的看法和建议，包括对现有疫情系统进行技术改造和创新的建议，在全新运作机制和高技术基础上建立应急疫情监测控制信息系统的概念结构等内容。     

基于ITU-T协议的远程监控系统的实现

介绍了基于ITU－T协议标准的数字化监视系统的特点、组成及功能，详细论述了系统实现的关键技术，描述了系统在电力设备远程监控中的应用。     

Seismological Research on the Mining Tremors

A sophisticated seismological method has been introduced to the study of mining tremors by the Institute of Geophysics,SSB in cooperation with the Beijing Mining Bureau of NCC.Achievements have been obtained in the following areas:modification of the seismic monitoring system,compilation of a software package for analysis of mining tremors,research on the mechanical model for mining tremors,classification of mining tremors and development of an expert system of tremor prediction.     

Chemical and isotopic compositions of thermal springs,fumaroles and bubbling gases at Tacaná Volcano (Mexico–Guatemala): implications for volcanic surveillance

This study presents baseline data for future geochemical monitoring of the active Tacaná volcano–hydrothermal system (Mexico–Guatemala). Seven groups of thermal springs, related to a NW/SE-oriented fault scarp cutting the summit area (4,100m a.s.l.), discharge at the northwest foot of the volcano (1,500–2,000m a.s.l.); another one on the southern ends of Tacaná (La Calera). The near-neutral (pH from 5.8 to 6.9) thermal (T from 25.7°C to 63.0°C) HCO₃–SO₄ waters are thought to have formed by the absorption of a H₂S/SO₂–CO₂-enriched steam into a Cl-rich geothermal aquifer, afterwards mixed by Na/HCO₃-enriched meteoric waters originating from the higher elevations of the volcano as stated by the isotopic composition (δD and δ¹⁸O) of meteoric and spring waters. Boiling temperature fumaroles (89°C at ~3,600m a.s.l. NW of the summit), formed after the May 1986 phreatic explosion, emit isotopically light vapour (δD and δ¹⁸O as low as −128 and −19.9‰, respectively) resulting from steam separation from the summit aquifer. Fumarolic as well as bubbling gases at five springs are CO₂-dominated. The δ¹³C_CO2 for all gases show typical magmatic values of −3.6 ± 1.3‰ vs V-PDB. The large range in ³He/⁴He ratios for bubbling, dissolved and fumarolic gases [from 1.3 to 6.9 atmospheric ³He/⁴He ratio (R _A)] is ascribed to a different degree of near-surface boiling processes inside a heterogeneous aquifer at the contact between the volcanic edifice and the crystalline basement (⁴He source). Tacaná volcano offers a unique opportunity to give insight into shallow hydrothermal and deep magmatic processes affecting the CO₂/³He ratio of gases: bubbling springs with lower gas/water ratios show higher ³He/⁴He ratios and consequently lower CO₂/³He ratios (e.g. Zarco spring). Typical Central American CO₂/³He and ³He/⁴He ratios are found for the fumarolic Agua Caliente and Zarco gases (3.1 ± 1.6 × 10¹⁰ and 6.0 ± 0.9 R _A, respectively). The L/S (5.9 ± 0.5) and (L + S)/M ratios (9.2 ± 0.7) for the same gases are almost identical to the ones calculated for gases in El Salvador, suggesting an enhanced slab contribution as far as the northern extreme of the Central American Volcanic Arc, Tacaná.     

Visualization of spatial patterns and temporal trends for aerial surveillance of illegal oil discharges in western Canadian marine waters

This paper examines the use of exploratory spatial analysis for identifying hotspots of shipping-based oil pollution in the Pacific Region of Canada’s Exclusive Economic Zone. It makes use of data collected from fiscal years 1997/1998 to 2005/2006 by the National Aerial Surveillance Program, the primary tool for monitoring and enforcing the provisions imposed by MARPOL 73/78. First, we present oil spill data as points in a “dot map” relative to coastlines, harbors and the aerial surveillance distribution. Then, we explore the intensity of oil spill events using the Quadrat Count method, and the Kernel Density Estimation methods with both fixed and adaptive bandwidths. We found that oil spill hotspots where more clearly defined using Kernel Density Estimation with an adaptive bandwidth, probably because of the “clustered” distribution of oil spill occurrences. Finally, we discuss the importance of standardizing oil spill data by controlling for surveillance effort to provide a better understanding of the distribution of illegal oil spills, and how these results can ultimately benefit a monitoring program.     

TDE系列地震数据采集器

ＴＤＥ系列地震数据采集器是一套１６位（ＴＤＥ－２１６Ｃ）／２４位（ＴＤＥ－２２４Ｃ）地震数据采集器。该采集器为低功耗、程控增益、现场模数转换,其带宽为（０～２０Ｈｚ）,动态范围为９０ｄＢ（ＴＤＥ－２１６Ｃ）／１２０ｄＢ（ＴＤＥ－２２４Ｃ）。采集器通过接收ＧＰＳ信号产生精确定时。介绍了该采集器的技术设计方案、性能及实际应用效果。     

莒县国土资源局信访工作探析

莒县国土资源局干部职工通过走进基层、走进群众中间,摸排国土资源信访矛盾,查找信访苗头线索,及时制定应对方案,筑牢接访三道防线,努力将矛盾化解在萌芽状态,信访工作取得明显成效。     

青海数字遥测台网地震监测能力评估

青海数字遥测地震台网由30个子台组成,全部采用速度记录方式。用速度震级公式对各子台不同震级所能控制的距离进行了计算,得到台网对不同震级地震的监测范围。     

Monitoring spatial maxima

When assessing maps consisting of comparable regional values, it is of interest to know whether the peak, or maximum value, is higher than it would likely be by chance alone. Peaks on maps of crime or disease might be attributable to random fluctuation, or they might be due to an important deviation from the baseline process that produces the regional values. This paper addresses the situation where a series of such maps are observed over time, and it is of interest to detect statistically significant deviations between the observed and expected peaks as quickly as possible. The Gumbel distribution is used as a model for the statistical distribution of extreme values; this distribution does not require the underlying distributions of regional values to be either normal, known, or identical. Cumulative sum surveillance methods are used to monitor these Gumbel variates, and these methods are also extended for use when monitoring smoothed regional values (where the quantity monitored is a weighted sum of values in the immediate geographical neighborhood). The new methods are illustrated by using data on breast cancer mortality for the 217 counties of the northeastern United States, and prostate cancer mortality for the entire United States, during the period 1968-1998.The research assistance of Ikuho Yamada is gratefully acknowledged. I also am grateful for the support of Grant 1R01 ES09816-01 from the National Institutes of Health, the support of National Cancer Institute Grant R01 CA92693-0, and the helpful comments made by the referees     

数字地籍调查工程监理实践

分析了数字地籍调查工程监理的难点,提出了监理工作的一般内容和关键事项,通过监理实践表明项目的进度、质量等得到了有效控制。