Effect of temperature on embryonic and larval development of bream (Abramis brama L.)

Influence of water temperature on embryonic and larval development of bream (Abramis brama L.) was stdied. Eggs of bream were incubated at eight constant water temperatures between 13.2 and 26.8°C. The temperature of 21.1°C gave highest hatching success, with no abnormalities in the eleutheroembryos and lowest mortality observed between eyed egg stage and the time of hatching. Developmental rate increased with increasing temperature. Duration of embryonic development (y; hours) decreased with increasing incubation temperature (x; °C) according to the formula: y=910.1−65.88 x+1.318 x². Larvae were reared at eight constant temperatures ranging from 13.5 to 34.0°C. The instantaneous growth rate in wet weight increased with increasing test temperature from 13.5 to 29.9°C, and then decreased at higher temperatures. Individual growth of fish and biomass production rate were highest at 27.9°C. This temperature is considered optimal when food availability and photoperiod are no limiting factors.     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

现阶段地表油气化探技术难题与发展对策

虽然地表油气化探方法技术已取得显著的应用效果, 但是由于成功率计算标准不同及方法技术本身的缺陷, 导致人们对方法的认同度较低。当前, 地表油气化探技术的发展, 一方面要以可靠的实验依据、严谨的数理推导及理论模型应对来自方法技术本身的挑战, 另一方面也要利用其快速、廉价和直接的优势, 加强与地质、遥感、非震物探等方法综合应用。     

抗震救灾过程中人才聚集效应探析——以汶川8.0级地震和玉树7.1级地震为例

人才聚集效应是人才聚集现象从量变到质变的过程,是在一定的时间和空间范围内,在和谐环境下,相关人才按照一定的相互联系相对集中在一起产生超过各自独立作用的效用。在汶川8.0级地震和青海玉树7.1级地震的抗震救灾过程中,人才聚集效应发挥了不可磨灭的作用,无数的生命被及时挽救,巨大的灾情得到有效的缓解。综合"物理空间"和"虚拟空间"两个角度,从人才规模、人才配置和激励因素等方面,就我国抗震救灾中人才聚集效应的发挥进行了研究,为人才聚集效应理论提供借鉴。     

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受控石油定向井技术初步实践

通过石油定向井技术初步实践，为今后的定向井施工奠定了基础，并取得了显著的经济效益。     

基于部分整周模糊度固定的非差GPS精密单点定位方法

近年来,精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定技术不断发展,模糊度正确固定后可以提高短时间的定位精度。然而固定错误的模糊度,将引起严重的定位偏差,因此对PPP模糊度固定的成功率和可靠性进行研究很有必要。本文探讨了采用非差小数偏差(FCBs)改正的PPP模糊度固定方法;同时提出了一种分步质量控制的PPP部分模糊度固定(PAR)策略。通过欧洲CORS数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明:PPP模糊度固定可以提高小时解静态PPP定位精度。同时,采用部分模糊度固定策略,能够有效控制未收敛模糊度影响,提高用户端PPP模糊度固定成功率。     

评价GPS相位模糊度整数解正确性的严密方法

针对如何评价模糊度整数解的正确性,指出了基于传统的假设检验理论的三步法存在的理论缺陷,介绍了模糊度归整域的概念和可容许整数估计的定义,并在Teunissen关于可容许整数估计原定义的基础上给出了更为严密的新定义。基于这个新定义,讨论了模糊度成功率的概念及其计算公式。     

提高小概率事件预报成功率的一条途径

在给出小概率事件定义与评估小概率事件预报成功率参数的基础上,根据参数变换后的表达式推断,变小概率事件为条件概率下的大概率事件,是提高小概率事件预报成功率的一条途径。     

基于对流参数的雷暴潜势预报研究

为提高雷暴天气的潜势预报能力,在统计分析安徽省雷暴形成天气条件的基础上,利用2003-2004年T213资料,选取与雷暴相关性好的对流参数作为预报因子。并在考虑因子季节变化特征的基础上,分别用判别分析法和指标叠加法制作雷暴潜势预报,结果表明指标叠加法优于判别分析法。最后用指标叠加法试报了2005年3—8月的雷暴,临界成功指数CSJ=69．4％,命中率POD=89．5％,虚假报警率FAR=24．4％,分区预报准确率也较高。另外,试报期间的区域性冰雹、雷雨大风全部命中,可见该方法对冰雹、雷雨大风也有较好的指示意义。