Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

基于二次场的可控源电磁法三维有限元-无限元数值模拟

本文提出了一种新的混合有限元-无限元三维可控源电磁法（CSEM）问题快速高精度正演模拟算法.首先从电场双旋度方程出发,推导了水平电偶极子源的二次场边值问题,采用无限元代替截断边界条件和有限元离散内部计算区域的新策略,达到减小计算区域的目的,基于并行直接求解技术,实现多源CSEM问题的快速精确求解.其次,通过层状解析模型测试,一方面验证了新算法的正确性,另一方面通过与其他三种已知CSEM问题求解策略进行对比,表明了本文提出的基于二次场有限元-无限元算法具有离散区域小、求解速度快和计算精度高等优点.最后,通过3D模型计算,清晰直观地模拟了场源阴影效应,为野外数据的处理与解释提供指导.

     

胶东半岛海产养殖地下咸水分布特征及开发利用现状

胶东半岛位于山东省胶莱河以东,区内海岸线全长约1 700km,沿海滩涂面积约500km2。由于该区特殊的自然地理和地质环境条件,赋存有适宜海产养殖的地下咸水。该文依据大量的基础资料,阐述了胶东半岛区内海产养殖地下咸水的分布特征、富水地段资源量及开发利用现状,并针对开发利用中引发的地质环境问题提出了相应的保护建议,对于指导该区海产养殖地下咸水资源科学合理开发利用具有重要的意义。     

深埋长隧道有害气体发生的地质条件初探

有害气体的深埋长隧道的主要地质灾害现象之一。本文在现场调查及查阅国内外文献资料基础上，探讨了有害气体发生的地质条件，为有害气体地质灾害的预测提供了依据。     

夏津县黄河故河道区土地沙化及防治

土地沙化问题的存在,不仅破坏了自然生态环境,而且对人民群众的生产和生活造成严重的影响。本文就夏津县黄河故道风蚀沙化地的发育现状、危害程度及形成原因进行分析,并提出了防治对策。     

太原东山煤矿15号煤层底板突水条件分析

东山井田位于娘子关奥陶系岩溶泉域的西部。奥陶系灰岩水已严重地威胁着15号煤层的安全开采,在底板隔水岩柱薄弱地带或断裂陷落柱构造破碎带,存在着岩溶水突破相对隔水层溃入矿坑的可能性。本文着重研究了底板突水条件,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

流体饱和多孔介质波动方程的有限元解法

讨论了流体饱和多孔介质中波传播问题的有限元解法,首先在Ｂｉｏｔ理论的基础 上,概述了数学问题的提法,然后提出了一种新型简便的人工边界上的无反射边界条件,同时 给出了有人工边界时流体饱和多孔介质波动方程的有限元计算公式．数值试验的结果表明, 本文提出的无反射边界条件和数值方法均很有效．     

Effect of Initial Stress Conditions on the Threshold Shear Strain of Nanjing’s Saturated Fine Sand

By using GDS dynamic hollow cylinder torsional apparatus, a series of cyclic torsional triaxial tests under complex initial consolidation condition are performed on Nanjing saturated fine sand. The effects of the initial principal stress direction α0, the initial ratio of deviatoric stress η0, the initial average effective principal stress p0 and the initial intermediate principal stress parameter b0 on the threshold shear strain y, of Nanjing saturated fine sand are then systematically investigated. The results show that y, increases as η0, P0 and b0 increase respectively, while the other three parameters remain constant. α0 has a great influence on y,, which is reduced when α0 increases from 0° to 45° and increased when α0 increases from 45° to 90°. The effect of α0 on γt plays a leading role and the effect of η0 will weaken when α0 is approximately 45°.     

辽宁阜新盆地油气勘探方向

阜新盆地经历了近30年的油气勘探活动,一直没有重大油气发现.为了进一步评价该区的资源潜力,探索新的勘探思路,通过油气地质条件综合研究和油气成藏主控因素分析,认为阜新盆地具备常规油气和非常规油气成藏的基本条件,提出主要勘探层系为九佛堂组、沙海组和阜新组.根据九佛堂组、沙海组和阜新组烃源岩条件的差异,指出九佛堂组上段和沙海组下段为常规油气勘探目的层;沙海组上段为页岩气勘探目的层;阜新组为煤层气勘探目的层.油气成藏条件分析结果表明,阜新盆地油气成藏主控因素为保存条件和储集条件,构造油气藏不应做为勘探选区的重点,寻找近洼陷的构造-岩性、岩性油气藏是本区油气勘探的方向.     

CHANNEL SHRINKAGE AND ITS INSTABILITY IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER1

From the mid 1980s through the late 1990s, the channel of the lower Yellow River experienced serious shrinkage, which has decreased the flood conveyance of the channel and the sediment carrying capacity of the flow, raised the water levels of floods, and, thus, severely threatened the safety of flood control along the river. The completion of Xiaolangdi Dam in 1999 could help mitigate the channel shrinkage problem, but the situation has not changed yet. This paper analyses the characteristics, mechanisms, and conditions resulting in channel shrinkage, points out channel instabilities, and puts forward approaches of channel rehabilitation.