GIS技术的研究现状及未来发展趋势

GIS是随着计算机技术发展而形成的一门新兴技术,其应用程度和范围也随之渗透、延伸,得到了人们的广泛关注。该文综述了地理信息的发展现状,从多个角度分析当前GIS技术发展存在的不足,并在此基础上研究分析了GIS技术的未来发展趋势。     

Evaluation of distortion of residuals in trend surface analysis by clustered data

Distortion is induced in multiple linear regression by clusters of data. The magnitude of this distortion is a function of the magnitude of the mean of the clustered data. The location and estimated amount of maximum induced distortion can be obtained by evaluating the surface in question with and without clusters. The difference between these surfaces is the induced distortion. Clustering of data points is common in map data and especially in subsurface information. The Albion-Scipio Trend, an oil and gas field in Southern Michigan, has 82 percent of the available data in clusters. Evaluation of the distortion indicates that the analysis contains a measureable amount of distortion but its small magnitude does not alter the structural interpretation of the area.     

Conflict studies and critical geopolitics — theoretical concepts and recent research in political geography

The political and economic upheavals during the past two decades have led to a new social and political organization of space on all levels of scale. To deal with the obvious changes, political geography had to rethink and to extend its traditional concepts. Transcending its long taken-for-granted radical approaches, the Anglo-American geography developed two conceptional paths, both of which are still relevant for political geography today:— a new awareness of regional differences in political action and culture— a new, constructionist awareness of the instrumentalization of geographical discourses for geopolitical purposes.With these theoretical concepts, political geography is examining a number of both traditional and new fields of research. Their heterogeneity is once again evidence of postmodern diversity and difference. They are characterized by both a new awareness of differentiation and a widening of the traditional viewpoint in three closely related respects transcending the traditional topics of political activity, the traditional political actors and the established levels of scale of politics. Based on the current literature it is possible to outline some major themes and perspectives of current political geography that are closely linked together, like knots in thematic networks:1. ecological politics and resource conflicts 2. territorial conflicts and boundaries 3. geopolitics and the politics of identity 4. globalization and new international relations 5. the symbolic representation of political power 6. regional conflicts and new social movements.     

Abyssal geography†

Today, we are held to live in the Anthropocene, bringing to an end modern binary imaginaries, such as the separation between Human and Nature, and with them Western assumptions of progress, linear causality and human exceptionalism. Much Western critical theory, from new or vital materialism to post- and more-than-human thinking, unsurprisingly reflects this internal crisis of faith in Eurocentric or Enlightenment reasoning. At the same time, a radically different critique of modernity has gained prominence in recent years, emerging from critical Black studies, which places the Caribbean at the centre of the development of a new and distinct mode of critical thought. In attempting to grasp the ways in which Caribbean thought and practice have been seen to enable a distinctive alternative non-Eurocentric imaginary, this paper heuristically sets out a paradigmatic framing of ‘abyssal geography’. We emphasize two key points. The first is that abyssal thought is not grounded in abstract and timeless philosophical assumptions but figuratively draws upon aspects of Caribbean practices of resistance and survival, for example, from the Middle Passage, Plantation, carnival, creolization, dance forms and speculative fiction. The second is that abyssal work engages the legacies of modernity and coloniality by explicitly seeking to question the lure of ontology: seeking to disrupt, suspend and to problematize the modern project of the human and the world.     

山东省地层古生物工作研究新进展

地层古生物研究工作对促进基础地质发展,指导矿产勘查等具有十分重要的意义。近年来山东省地质科学研究院通过对全省地层古生物化石研究,在生物地层、年代地层方面取得了重要进展;通过开展全国古生物化石保护工程规划研究、山东省重要古生物化石保护规划研究、胶莱盆地白垩纪脊椎动物化石保护、开发方案与规划研究等,为古生物化石保护、开发规划及其编制提供了科学依据;通过对济南、临沭、诸城、莱阳、临朐、莒南等地质公园古生物化石的调查研究,为地质公园的科学定位、科学研究、科学普及以及地学旅游发展提供了重要的科学指导,对推动社会经济可持续发展起到了支撑作用;通过开展地层古生物研究,为相关的地质找矿工作提供了基础理论依据;通过以上工作,为山东省培养了一批地层古生物人才,建立了一支技术过硬、力量雄厚、结构合理的专家团队。     

The Social Nature of Participatory Ecological Monitoring

Participatory ecological monitoring brings together conservationists and members of the public to collect data about changes in nature. This article scrutinizes the “social nature” of such monitoring, considering not only its impacts for nature, but also society, and importantly the ways in which these interact. Drawing on the field of nature–society studies we present a framework with which to explore case studies from the community forests of Nepal. We document the importance of multiple knowledges of nature, including what is referred to as “local monitoring” and its relation to the scientific procedures promoted in participatory monitoring; the consequences of participatory monitoring as a situated and embodied practice, such that it may (re)produce social inequalities; and the place of monitoring within the wider socioecological regime, with regard to possible unintended consequences for both nature and society. This article thus expands our understanding of the complexities of this increasingly popular approach to conservation.     

全球地表覆盖高分辨率遥感制图

全球地表覆盖分布及变化是气候变化研究、生态环境评估、地理国情监测、宏观调控分析等不可或缺的重要基础信息.国际上现有全球五套地表覆盖数据产品的空间分辨率为1 km或300 m,数据精度、分类体系、时空分辨率等均存在不足.为了满足全球变化研究与地球模式模拟的需求,应该研制具有较高时空分辨率、更符合全球变化需要、精度较好的全...     

中国的世界地理研究进展与展望

本文总结近年来中国地理学家在世界地理学科领域的研究进展,并分析指出其存在的问题及未来的发展方向。近年来,地缘政治日益成为世界地理学者研究的热点领域,研究成果涉及地缘政治学相关理论,世界热点地区的地缘政治格局变化趋势以及大国与周边地区地缘政治形势对中国的影响等;国际投资和跨国公司地理一直是世界地理学者关注的重点领域,近年来尤其在跨国公司研发全球化问题的研究方面取得了一些重要成果;此外,在世界城市和区域发展的实证研究以及全球资源与环境治理方面也有不少成果。由于种种原因,当前我国世界地理学科的发展尚存在许多问题,一是研究力量薄弱,二是研究水平不高,三是研究经费严重不足。这三方面的问题互为因果,致使世界地理学科的发展处境每况愈下。为此,作者提出振兴世界地理学科的行动计划,包括组织举办“地理学与中国全球战略高层论坛”;加强全球性重大问题的专题研究;加强周边国家以及与我国经济关系密切国家的综合研究等。     

NOTES ON THE RISE OF THE AREA STUDIES TRADITION IN U.S. GEOGRAPHY, 1910–1929*

Area studies emerged as the leading tradition in American geography during the second decade of this century, supplanting the earth science tradition. The man-land tradition, reaching its peak during the second and third decades, never became as dominant as did the area studies tradition, based on a classification of the number of articles published, papers presented at annual AAG meetings, doctoral dissertations, and philosophical and methodological pronouncements by noted figures in American geography.