Sedimentary facies and landform genesis at a temperate outlet glacier: Soler Glacier, North Patagonian Icefield

This paper focuses on the structural glaciology, dynamics, debris transport paths and sedimentology of the forefield of Soler Glacier, a temperate outlet glacier of the North Patagonian Icefield in southern Chile. The glacier is fed by an icefall from the icefield and by snow and ice avalanches from surrounding mountain slopes. The dominant structures in the glacier are ogives, crevasses and crevasse traces. Thrusts and recumbent folds are developed where the glacier encounters a reverse slope, elevating basal and englacial material to the ice surface. Other debris sources for the glacier include avalanche and rockfall material, some of which is ingested in marginal crevasses. Debris incorporated in the ice and on its surface controls both the distribution of sedimentary facies on the forefield and moraine ridge morphology. Lithofacies in moraine ridges on the glacier forefield include large isolated boulders, diamictons, gravel, sand and fine-grained facies. In relative abundance terms, the dominant lithofacies and their interpretation are sandy boulder gravel (ice-marginal), sandy gravel (glaciofluvial), angular gravel (supraglacial) and diamicton (basal glacial). Proglacial water bodies are currently developing between the receding glacier and its frontal and lateral moraines. The presence of folded sand and laminites in moraine ridges in front of the glacier suggests that, during a previous advance, Soler Glacier over-rode a former proglacial lake, reworking lacustrine deposits. Post-depositional modification of the landform/sediment assemblage includes melting of the ice-core beneath the sediment cover, redistribution of finer material across the proglacial area by aeolian processes and fluvial reworking. Overall, the preservation potential of this landform/sediment assemblage is high on the centennial to millennial timescale.     

浅谈构造强度控矿

内蒙古乌拉山金矿的大地构造背景和矿床地质特征表明 ,构造作用是控矿的主导因素。构造控矿的实质在于适宜的构造强度 ,也就是制约着岩石相变和化学元素聚散程度的构造变形和构造位移的程度。构造强度分 2类 4亚类 ,强调量化和量比关系。研究区的构造强度控矿宏观上表现为构造强度控制乌拉山群的变质和混合岩化程度 ;历经五台—燕山构造期广袤数十千米的成矿时空演化 ;构造强度阈值σ′ <σ <σ″ ,即强度过小或过大都不利于成矿 ;成矿机制和成矿阶段性的原因在于相当规模的断裂构造与成矿流体的多次活动 ,采用构造力学应力—应变曲线表示     

念青唐古拉-雅鲁藏布江中段区域地球化学特征及成矿环境

依据区域化探资料编制的1：500万全国地球化学图，研究了西藏念青唐古拉－雅鲁藏布江中段区域地球化学特征，发现Cr,Cu,Au,Pb,Zn,Ag,U,Th,W,Sn等成矿元素的分布和浓集明显受构造环境和岩浆活动的控制，由南向北从雅鲁藏布缝合带→拉萨地块→改则－那曲造山带这些元素具有明显分带现象，这些元素的异常在构造带上也成群成带分布，具有良好找矿前景，已划分出13个战略找矿靶区，该区可能是我国一个新的大型系列成矿区。     

塔里木盆地阿瓦提—满加尔低梁构造特征和形成演化

阿瓦提－满加尔低梁是介于阿瓦提凹陷与满加尔凹陷之间一个特殊的隆起构造，其在东西向上表现为宽缓的隆起形态，而在南北方向上则为凹陷面貌。该区沉积盖层可分为下、中、上3个构造层。下构造层由震旦系－泥盆系构成，所谓阿－满低梁主要即发育于该构造层。上构造层由白垩系－第四系构成，构造形态为－北西倾斜坡。由石炭系－三叠系构成的中构造层则是上、下构造层构造形态的过渡，总体上仍呈西北倾。阿－满低满自前震旦纪末塔里木运动以来经历了4大演化发展阶段：震旦纪－泥盆纪阿－满低梁形成发育阶段、石炭纪－三叠纪阿－满低梁改造阶段、侏罗纪－早第三纪北东倾斜坡发育阶段与晚第三纪－第四纪现今构造形成阶段。     

Active interaction control of civil structures. Part 2: MDOF systems

In this paper, the performance of active interaction control (AIC) algorithms is assessed within the context of two realistic building models. The AIC control approach is proposed as a semi‐active means of mitigating the structural response during large earthquakes. To implement the AIC control algorithms into MDOF systems, the modal control (MC) approach that directs the control effort to certain dominant response modes is formulated and utilized herein. Two structures, a 3‐storey building and a 9‐storey steel‐framed benchmark building controlled by the AIC algorithms are analysed for two historical earthquake records. The results of numerical simulation verify the efficacy of the AIC control algorithms in controlling vibration of building structures during large earthquakes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of boundary element details on the seismic deformation capacity of structural walls

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of boundary element details of structural walls on their deformation capacities. Structural walls considered in this study have different sectional shapes and/or transverse reinforcement content at the boundaries of the walls (called boundary element details hereafter). Four full‐scale wall specimens (3000mm (h_w)×1500mm (l_w)×200mm (T)) were fabricated and tested. Three specimens are rectangular in section and the other specimen has a barbell‐shaped cross‐section (a wall with boundary columns). The rectangular wall specimens are reinforced according to the common practice used for reinforced concrete residence buildings in Korea and Chile. In this study, the primary variable for these rectangular specimens is the content of transverse reinforcement to confine the boundary elements of a wall. The barbell‐shaped specimen was designed in compliance with ACI 318‐95. The response of the barbell‐shaped specimen is compared with those of other rectangular specimens. The effective aspect ratio of the specimens is set to two in this study. Based on the experimental results, it is found that the deformation capacities of walls, which are represented by displacement ductility, drift ratio and energy dissipation capacities, are affected by the boundary element details. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论合肥中新生代盆地构造单元划分

介绍了原有构造单元划分方案,对其存在的问题进行了剖析,根据合肥盆地布格重力异常特征,结合中、新生代沉积特点分别对盆地中、新生代构造单元进行了划分:中生代采用构造术语划分出6个二级构造单元;新生代采用盆地划分的术语划分出6个构造单元.     

消能支撑框架结构的低周往复水平荷载试验仿真分析方法

本文提出了低周往复水平荷载试验仿真分析方法，该法既不同于弹塑性地震反应时程分析，又不同于常见的弹塑性静力分析。它能模拟低周往复水荷载试验的过程，既避免了地震波频谱的影响又体现了水平荷载的往复作用，可用于计算结构和构件的滞回曲线、截面的屈服顺序及相应的荷载和位移，尤其适用于分析消能支撑框架结构等耗能减震结构。本文用此方法分析了在框架柱轴压比超过限值要求时消能支撑的作用。     

Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing,London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

With so many sports becoming increasingly popular,sports have come to play an important role in promoting the process of globalization and formatting the world city network(WCN).Previous studies have constructed the WCN based on the distribution of international sport federations (ISFs) and the sites of international sport events (ISEs),but there is still a lack of systematic research on the intercity connections caused by ISEs.Taking three most recent Olympic Games as cases,this paper explores intercity connections and WCN based on ISEs.The results show that (1) the Olympic WCN has city nodes around the world except in Antarctica,and the number and activity values of the cities in host countries may increase intensively during the Olympic Games.(2) A hierarchical city system with four tiers (global central cities,specialized central cities,national central cities and specialized cities) is formed by the intercity connections caused by the Olympic Games.(3) The WCN based on the Olympic Games,is made up of many subnetworks,while many differences occur due to the diverse decisions made by the Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG),host cities or even host countries in the events associated with sponsorship activity and publicity activity.This study not only broadens the relevant fields of sports culture-oriented WCN re-search but also explores the instability of the WCN,which makes it an effective reference for WCN research based on ISEs.     

米仓山东段——大巴山前缘圈闭构造样式分析

从区域构造分析和地震剖面解释入手,通过野外地质调查、地震资料解释、典型剖面构造分析,确定了米仓山东段-大巴山区域应力方向,探讨了区域构造演化特征,重点解析了构造样式特征。通过界牌1井和磨子坪一瓦房湾局部构造分析,认为：（1）圈闭主要为背斜圈闭,圈闭受构造控制,断层对圈闭的控制作用表现为完整的背斜圈闭向断鼻圈闭转化,分化构造高点,构造裂缝发育;（2）界牌1井为低幅背斜圈闭（断鼻圈闭）,其断层可能不具有封堵性,因此未能形成工业性油气流;（3）磨子坪-瓦房湾区块发育一系列构造规模中等、背斜圈闭完整、闭合度高、面积大的圈闭。