地震条件下不同类型边坡的稳定性研究

用sarma法计算了不同坡高、不同坡角、不同岩体和结构面力学参数的边坡在不同水平地震加速度系数下对应的安全系数,建立了一套能方便快捷地查询边坡安全系数的系统,为各种类型边坡的稳定性评价提供了依据。此外,还分析了坡高、坡角、地震加速度系数、岩体和结构面力学参数对地震边坡安全系数的影响。通过对比查询系统得到的安全系数与其他已有的地震边坡稳定性评价方法得到的安全系数的差异,得出用这种新安全系数查询方法得到的安全系数与其他安全系数计算方法得出的安全系数相差不大。通过将这种新的地震边坡稳定性评价方法应用到几个实际边坡中,所得到的评价结果与滑坡的实际发生情况一致。     

Underground excavation shape optimization considering material nonlinearities

The shape of an underground opening is a major factor influencing the stability of the underground excavation. Obtaining an optimized shape is significant in civil and mining engineering applications for increasing stability and reducing costs. This paper presents an updated method for finding the optimal shape of an underground excavation using the latest bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) techniques considering material nonlinearities. Recent development in the BESO applications to underground excavation is discussed through illustrated examples. Details are given of the BESO method used to finding the optimal shape based on the global stiffness. The methodology of the stiffness based optimization techniques is described with examples of applications to underground excavation. Applications to underground void structures, such as cavern and tunnel, as well as underground solid structure such mine pillar are demonstrated. It is concluded that stiffness based optimization techniques are applicable to underground excavations and practical shape of an excavation can be generated as a result of the BESO application.     

沁水盆地地层剥蚀量研究

[摘 要]沁水盆地自晚三叠世以来不断抬升,遭受了多次剥蚀,但其累积剥蚀量一直悬而未决,对盆地模拟和资源评价产生了不良影响。本文在沁水盆地沉积-构造演化史、热演化史研究的基础上,根据野外露头和钻井资料,以镜质体反射率反演方法为主,辅以声波时差法和构造剖面法,较为准确地确定了沁水盆地中新生代以来的累积地层剥蚀量。研究表明,沁水盆地石炭-二叠系煤层在燕山运动时期遭受最高地温,其后回返抬升并伴有地温梯度下降。参照济阳坳陷连续沉积剖面建立了镜质体反射率与深度关系,经地温梯度校正后,计算出了沁水盆地石炭-二叠系最大埋深,从而得到其此后抬升过程中的累积剥蚀量,经与声波时差法、构造剖面法计算结果对比,三者计算结果较为符合。研究结果表明,晚三叠世以来沁水盆地累积地层剥蚀量在1400～3300m之间,其中盆地中部剥蚀量较少,一般小于2500m,盆地边缘剥蚀量较大,可达3000m以上。主要剥蚀时期为晚白垩世至新近纪,地层剥蚀量可达2000m以上;其次为晚三叠世至早侏罗世,地层剥蚀量一般小于1000m。     

三峡库区巴东地震(Ms5.1)成因机制及次声波信号

2013年12月16日三峡库区巴东发生M_s5.1地震.根据eigen-6c2模型研究了巴东地区的8-638阶卫星重力异常, 结果表明: 该地区场源深度为10 km的地壳为局部重力低异常, 反映了该处物质密度较周围偏低, 形成低密度层.同时, 研究了该地区速度结构剖面, 结果表明: 巴东地区地壳5~9 km及10~15 km深处存在上下两个低速层, 上部低速层与水库渗水有关, 下部低速层与地幔热流体的上涌有关.低密度层和低速层的确定为韧性流变层的存在提供了证据.巴东地震是地壳深部能量的长期集聚与突发释放, 属构造地震.然而, 库水下渗引起的上部低速异常降低了断层活动的阈值, 震前库水载荷的变化对此次巴东地震的发生起到了触发作用.通过对比次声波和地震波, 我们得出次声波仪记录到的异常信号为本地次声波.      

乡镇“有为政府”产业政策的逻辑与检验——基于新结构经济学视角

为解决乡村振兴中乡镇政府如何选择正确产业和如何制定合理产业政策2个重要问题,运用新结构经济学“增长甄别与因势利导框架”分析并提出乡镇“有为政府”产业政策演化的逻辑框架：1）选择产业,依据“两步六轨法”选择具备相似资源禀赋、约束条件的产业。2）政策制定,针对筛选出的产业制定合理的政策内容、选择适当的政策工具,以支持产业发展。以该逻辑框架为依据分析了云南省西双版纳州勐罕镇的产业现状、目标乡镇比较优势产业,发现勐罕镇领先型产业为菠萝种植业,应通过引进菠萝深度加工企业,建设营销网络、运输网络,提供市场信息支持产业发展;转进型产业为传统种植业和特色养殖业,应通过建立冷链物流等基础设施、培训农户种养能力,提高农户市场参与度;“弯道超车型”产业为酒类制造和傣药生产等,应通过联合农户开发制造技术体系,协助注册品牌商标,建设生产和成品制造基地等促进产业发展,从而完成了逻辑框架的实践检验。总体上,因势利导逻辑框架既结合实际又着眼未来,为乡镇政府的产业政策决策提供了理论指导和经验借鉴。     

“大村庄制”合并村庄脆弱性评估——以宁夏永宁县试验区为个案

宁夏永宁县试验区内各合并村庄受到外部扰动时会表现出一定程度的脆弱性,并通过敏感性与适应力状况表达出来。基于结构方程模型原理构建合并村庄测量模型、一阶脆弱性SEM,运算处理试验区内8个合并村庄1600份有效问卷的调查数据,优化出合并村庄脆弱性评估指标,估算评估指标权重;依据优化出的脆弱性评估指标及评估指标权重构建灰色定权聚类模型,从扰动、敏感性、适应力3个维度评估合并村庄的脆弱性。结果表明:试验区内合并村庄整体上扰动效果差、敏感性较强、适应力一般。脆弱性规律为扰动效果好则敏感性弱、适应力强、脆弱性程度低,扰动效果差则敏感性较强或强、适应力一般、脆弱性程度高或较高。     

四川盆地大池干井构造带构造形成机理及勘探评价

本文研究了大池干井构造带二叠系阳新统顶面的古构造特征，众多地质资料表明该构造带存在早期古拉张断裂，构造带的形成与这些断裂带关系密切，构造物理模拟结果反映出古断裂在该类高陡构造带的形成中所起的重要作用。对该构造带下一步天然气勘探方向提出了具体意见。     

Performance of square footing with structural skirt resting on sand

The paper presents the performance of a square footing with a structural skirt resting on sand and subjected to a vertical load through an experimental study. A series of tests were conducted in a model test tank to evaluate the performance in terms of improvement in bearing capacity and reduction in settlement of a square footing with and without a structural skirt. The results of the study reveal that this type of reinforcement increases the bearing capacity, reduces the settlement and modifies the load settlement behaviour of the footing. The various factors influencing the bearing capacity improvements and settlement reduction using a structural skirt are identified. Skirt factors are proposed which can be introduced into the general ultimate bearing capacity equation for a square footing resting on sand. The predictions made through the modified equation are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The bearing capacity of square footing is increased in the range of 11.2 to 70%. The improvement in bearing capacity decreases with the increase in base roughness of the footing. Further, an equation for a settlement reduction factor is proposed which can be used to calculate the settlement of the square footing with structural skirt resting on sand. The settlement reduction factor (SRF, defined as the ratio of settlement of footing with structural skirt to the settlement of footing without structural skirt at a given load) was in the range 0.11 to 1.0 depending on applied load and skirt depth ratio with the use of a structural skirt. The results further reveal that for a given depth of the skirt, the settlement reduction factor decreases with the increase in applied load. The improvement in the bearing capacity and reduction in settlement of a square footing with a structural skirt resting on sand are dependent on the geometrical and structural properties of the skirt, footing, sand characteristics and interface conditions of the sand–skirt–footing system.     

中国城市体系跨境网络结构特征——基于世界500强企业母子关系分析

为了认识中国城市体系跨境网络结构特征,以世界500强企业的母子企业间的内在关系视作城市之间的联系证据,建构中国境内城市与境外城市之2-模网络,从总体网络、内源网络和外源网络3个维度进行分析。结果表明:总体网络区域分布较广而差异大,网络要素总体上呈现位序-规模分布,又不同程度偏离"理想值";外源网络相对内源网络发育,并在城市构成上形成部分差异;外源网络度数中心度、核心-边缘分化特点显著,同时境内的上海、北京、广州、苏州等之间,境外的东京、首尔、新加坡、纽约等之间呈现显著的联系共享特点。     

都市区国内旅游流网络空间关联特征

以上海都市区为例,运用社会网络理论、GIS空间分析方法与技术,基于游客发表旅游行程攻略数据,从节点和网络2个层面分析上海都市区内部旅游流网络空间关联特征。结果表明：1）旅游节点具有明显的等级分层结构特征,知名度较高的明星景区在旅游流网络中占据重要核心地位,上海市旅游节点划分为集聚型、扩散型、均衡型、中介型4种类型;2）旅游流网络在空间上呈现以主城区黄浦区为核心的“单核放射状”,以西南松江、东南浦东新区、西北嘉定区为主流扩散方向的分布形态;3）旅游流网络总体上为联结低、扩散强、趋于均衡分布的散状格局,存在内部关联度高、外部关联度低的5个凝聚子群,网络核心—边缘区分层显著,核心区对边缘区的带动效应有限;4）旅游流与景点之间距离存在指数对应关系,具有明显的距离衰减规律,但各距离段内衰减程度差异明显,0~20 km内旅游流距离衰减规律最为显著。