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11.
厦门湾沉积物中有害有毒甲藻休眠孢囊及塔玛亚历山大藻的潜在危害 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本工作通过分析厦门湾表层沉积物中的甲藻休眠孢囊,发现了1种有毒塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)休眠孢囊,及两种有害甲藻休眠孢囊:锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera).对塔玛亚历山大藻进行了培养。并初步研究了该藻的毒性及贝类对其毒素的积累.研究结果表明,厦门海域沉积物中的塔玛亚历山犬藻是有毒的.它的较适宜生长环境条件是:水温20~25℃.盐度为25~30,光照度为3000~50001x.塔玛亚历山大藻在每年的4月26日至6月10日、10月11日至11月20日可能会形成有害藻华,危害厦门海域的海洋生物并可能威胁到人类的健康和生命安全. 相似文献
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舟山枸杞水域的污损生物生态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文系1988年9月~1989年9月在舟山枸杞乌里西岙水域进行挂板试验的结果。共获污损生物135种,其中,近岸的油库码头获77种,远岸的养殖筏获110种。动物以亚热带高盐性种类为主,三角藤壶Balanustrigunus、小海葵Actinia、柯氏分胞孔苔虫Celleporinacostazii、西方三胞苔虫Tricelariaoccidentalis、艾氏美熄Cltiaedwardsi、广口小桧叶螅Sertularellamiurrensis等占优势,藻类常见的有长石莼Ulvalinza、肠浒苔Enteromorphyintestinalis和日本多管藻Polysiphoniajaponica。枸杞污损生物的附着期主要在夏季,附着量也以夏季最大。不同地点附着量的差异极大。夏季由于近岸三角藤壶大量附着,故生物量明显大子远岸,其他季节均是远岸大于近岸。夏季近岸三角藤壶的覆盖面积达100%,生物量达18119g/m2,占污损生物总生物量的98%。故夏季是污损生物防除的主要季节,三角藤壶是防除的主要对象。与1975~1976年嵊山污损生物进行比较,发现两地污损生物的种类组成和群落结构极为相似,说明10多年以来嵊山 相似文献
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Abstract. The major changes within the concepts of marine ecology are investigated, with the aim to design this new journal's scientific format. Four phases of marine sciences are distinguished: the phase of seafarers, of oceanographic expeditions, of marine stations, and of field research. The changes in the latter two are discussed in detail. The changes are described as occurring along three axes. First, as a movement towards the object; accomplished by fieldwork, scientific diving, remote controlled equipment, and by underwater experimentation. Second, the cooperation between several disciplines that led towards bridging gaps. And lastly, how the discovery of unifying principles in ecology (the development of an ecological theory) led the approach in marine ecology towards increasing complexity. 相似文献
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Species composition and distribution of marine nematode community in the North Taiwan Strait 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9
Cai Lizhe Hong Huasheng Zou Chaozhong Fang Shaohu L Xiaomei Zhang Yueping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2001,20(2):221-229
I~IOW~ne nelnatode is a ban gIOup of benthic OrgAnsrns. Abbot 5 000 spotes Of free-livingnelnatedes have ben dedbo so far, and it has ho estimated that abbot 20 (XX) are as yetunknoWn. Chinese bothologist has Paid attention to marine nelnatodes in China seas in yare. The spatial distribution and shoes commotion of marine nelnatedes in the HUanghe EstUary, Qinhuangdao waters, QingdaO Bay and Xiamen ~ have ho reported (Zhang etal., 1990, 1991, 1993; ac and Li, 1998). ~ new shoes in the… 相似文献
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Wolfgang E. Krumbein 《Marine Ecology》1996,17(1-3):1-21
Abstract. Ecology and Global Ecology (GE) are terms by which the relations between the organism (or living matter as a whole) and the environment (or Earth as a whole) have been treated for almost a century. Geophysiology and Parahistology (PH) are terms slowly replacing older scientific thoughts jointly with an increasing number of modifications and alterations of the Darwinian Evolution (DE) concept. Somehow Geophysiology and Parahistology seem to describe evolution in a non-Darwinian domain. According to V.I. Vernadsky (1929,1930,1988) - the great Russian naturalist and biogeochemist - the biogeochemical processes on Earth are controlled by the force of living matter rather than by species associations developing in and with individual ecosystems as expressed by darwinian evolutionary terms. He also claimed that Goethe was incorrectly regarded as a predecessor of DE by some authors (including Darwin) and that “Natur” (nature) and “Lebendige Natur” (the totality of creatures) are two very different things for Goethe. Detailed analyses of microbial mat systems in the German Wadden Sea and in artificial hypersaline WInogradsky columns have shown that the totality of creatures and matter around them i.e., the “lebendige Natur”sensu Goethe or “living matter”sensu Vernadsky of such environments control to a considerable extent the structure, stability. and (geo-)morphology of sediments and thereby the geological structure of the living Earth. These structures do not follow the rules of sedimentation formulated by the laws of Stokes They represent growth structures (Aufwuchs), whose physics and dynamics are controlled by complex fractal systems. The factors controlling the ultimate shape and stabilisation potential of the eventually resulting rocks and fossils are comparable to tissue development in macroorganisms. Also, certain microbial associations in the sub-recent and in the fossil record may be compared to metazoan tissues. Chemical gradients in the sedimentary column, regulated by the interplay of living matter and sluggish (slow-reactive to non-reactive) compounds, combine to create a pattern of porosity and structure of the resulting deposits that clearly indicates microbial influences and especially those of extracellular polymeric substances on the morphology and texture. The combined effects of microbiota or living matter on the sedimentary record are described as parahistology of sediments in analogy of the histology of tissue on a geological scale. This conceptual living tissue made up of microbially generated rocks and ore deposits cycled through metabolic processes and forced into tissue-like structures by microbial biofilms and mats may extend down to the upper mantle of Earth and far up into the stratosphere when Earth is regarded as a living entity over geological periods. We may have to conceive Earth as a living specimen, which is breathing at a frequency of thousands of years instead of the normal physiological breathing rate of man or an insect. Macroorganisms in all terrestrial systems represent the transport and logistic media, which, however, utterly depend on myriads of intra-, inter-, and extracellular microbial symbiotic partners. 相似文献
20.
Z Dhurmeea H Pethybridge EV Romanov C Appadoo N Bodin 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(2):131-140
The diet of albacore Thunnus alalunga from their spawning ground in the waters of Mauritius was investigated. The stomach contents of 249 albacore individuals, caught by industrial longliners and artisanal fishers, was analysed, and the dominant prey taxa were selected for lipid and fatty acid (FA) analysis. The FA profiles of prey were compared with those of liver tissue of spawning-capable and post-spawning female albacore, using multivariate analysis. Whereas stomach content analysis identified cephalopods and crustaceans as the dominant prey items in number, FA-profile analysis identified crustaceans and fishes as the most-frequently consumed prey of post-spawning female albacore. In contrast, the FA profiles of spawning-capable albacore and those of prey showed very low similarity. Analysis of the prey suggests that although cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes could all provide albacore with the required lipids and FAs, cephalopod prey seem to be less desirable owing to their lower energy content (i.e. low in total lipid, triacylglycerol, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1ω9). Instead, the most beneficial food appeared to be locally available fishes, which are more energy-rich and have a higher docosahexaenoic acid/ eicosapentaenoic acid ratio. These results provide new information on the trophic ecology of albacore, promote our understanding of the importance of prey type for successful reproduction of albacore, and highlight the advantages of FA profiling to study diet. 相似文献