小兴安岭与松辽盆地新生代耦合关系

通过遥感影像判读、野外高精度GPS定位和数字高程模型分析,查明小兴安岭层状地貌的类型、级数、高程、组成物质和空间展布情况。研究结果表明,新生代以来小兴安岭形成了2级夷平面和5级河流阶地。采用线性函数和二次函数两种统计模型对逊克、嘉荫地区的新生代层状地貌单元相对高度与松辽盆地相应时期沉积物厚度作回归分析,统计模型回归平方和与总离差平方和的比值R~2=0. 944～0. 968,回归方程的整体拟合度很高,该结果显示小兴安岭新生代各个阶段的隆升幅度与松辽盆地的沉降幅度呈正相关关系。新生代期间小兴安岭隆升幅度为449 m,其中第四纪以来的隆升幅度为250 m。第四纪期间小兴安岭平均隆升速率为102. 88 mm/ka。小兴安岭间歇性隆升与松辽盆地间歇性下降是同一构造背景下盆山耦合的两种不同表现形式。     

地块质量特征对西南山区梯田撂荒的影响——以贵州剑河县白都村为例北大核心CSCDCSSCI

为分析西南山区梯田撂荒地块质量特征及影响因素,厘清山区梯田撂荒与可持续利用机制,本文以贵州省剑河县白都村为例,综合运用农户调查数据与无人机高分辨率影像数据探讨梯田的撂荒规模、空间分布情况及地块质量特征;构建二元Logistic回归模型,对影响梯田撂荒的各地块质量因素作用大小进行定量分析。结果表明:①白都村样本农户的梯田面积为62.518 hm^(2),多集中分布于耕作高差、坡度和耕作距离较大区域,其撂荒面积为21.354 hm^(2),撂荒率为34.16%。②梯田的地块质量因素对其撂荒的贡献程度表现为:灌溉条件>动力使用状况>田埂坍塌状况>耕作面积>综合地形条件,其中灌溉条件、动力使用状况、耕作面积与梯田撂荒均呈负相关,田埂坍塌状况和综合地形条件与梯田撂荒呈正相关。研究结果对于推进西南山区梯田的可持续利用与管理具有重要的理论及实践意义。     

Uplifted marine terraces of the Akamas Peninsula (Cyprus): evidence of climatic conditions during the Late Quaternary highstands

An outcrop study of uplifted marine terraces provides information on the climate of past sea‐level maxima, supplementing existing palaeoclimatological archives. The western coast of the Akamas Peninsula shows several uplifted and intricately stacked Quaternary marine terraces. This study focuses on the sedimentology, petrography and sequence stratigraphy of the last three recent terraces and provides palaeoclimatological reconstruction and chronological framing. All three terraces display basically the same stratigraphic succession, which consists of regressive sequences ranging from bioturbated, storm‐influenced, subtidal high‐energy sands to subaerial exposure and aeolian deposition. Each sequence differs in petrography, reflecting contemporaneous climatic conditions. The first studied sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 9 or 11?) was deposited in a warm, arid climate, with oligotrophic water favouring ooid formation. The second sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 7) displays colder but humid conditions, with lower carbonate production and strong detrital input. The third sequence (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) records warm, humid conditions, with high carbonate production combined with significant detrital input. These littoral terraces offer high‐quality outcrops of glacioeustatic‐dominated, littoral sedimentology, together with evidence indicative of the regional climate during the late Pleistocene.     

马尼干戈盆地河流阶地特征及其构造成因

马尼干戈第四系盆地河流阶地具有"砾石分选、磨圆差,分层结构不明显"的物质组成、"沿玉曲河南岸单侧发育、具菱形状阶地"的分布和形态及"第Ⅲ级阶地因次第升降而裂解"的构造特征等。因此推断马尼干戈盆地可能是区域上三大构造单元—"南部义敦群域辗掩系统(义敦岛弧带)、中部结合群域原地系统(甘孜-理塘结合带北段)和北部西康群域辗掩系统(西康群)"晚近期不均衡抬升(块断升降)引起局部断陷成盆、并叠加左行走滑拉分而形成的。这一发现对松潘-甘孜造山带第四纪新构造期活动的研究具有重要意义。     

Be exposure dating of river terraces at the southern mountain front of the Dzungarian Alatau (SE Kazakhstan) reveals rate of thrust faulting over the past ~ 400 ka

The mountain belts of the Dzungarian Alatau (SE Kazakhstan) and the Tien Shan are part of the actively deforming India–Asia collision zone but how the strain is partitioned on individual faults remains poorly known. Here we use terrace mapping, topographic profiling, and ¹⁰Be exposure dating to constrain the slip rate of the 160-km-long Usek thrust fault, which defines the southern front of the Dzungarian Alatau. In the eastern part of the fault, where the Usek River has formed five terraces (T₁–T₅), the Usek thrust fault has vertically displaced terrace T₄ by 132 ± 10 m. At two sites on T₄, exposure dating of boulders, amalgamated quartz pebbles, and sand from a depth profile yielded ¹⁰Be ages of 366 ± 60 ka and 360 ^+ 77/_− 48 ka (both calculated for an erosion rate of 0.5 mm/ka). Combined with the vertical offset and a 45–70° dip of the Usek fault, these age constraints result in vertical and horizontal slip rates of ~ 0.4 and ~ 0.25 mm/a, respectively. These rates are below the current resolution of GPS measurements and highlight the importance of determining slip rates for individual faults by dating deformed landforms to resolve the pattern of strain distribution across intracontinental mountain belts.     

六盘山东西两侧第四纪以来构造差异隆升速率递变性

河流阶地作为第四纪以来较新的沉积地貌单元,在研究区域构造隆升和区域断裂活动性方面扮演重要角色.本文利用前人对六盘山东西两侧黄河、渭河及泾河地区阶地研究成果,借用古地磁及14C等方法测定阶地形成年龄和实测阶地拔河高度已有数据,引进构造差异隆升速率(△UT)参数来反映区域构造隆升强弱.通过对兰州黄河阶地、陇西渭河阶地与泾河阶地的构造差异隆升速率对比研究表明,第四纪以来,兰州黄河阶地与泾河阶地4个期次平均构造差异隆升速率(△UT)分别为76.87mm/ka、42.88mm/ka、421.06mm/ka和1050mm/ka;平均值为397.70mm/ka;陇西渭河阶地与泾河阶地3个期次内(△UT)分别为177.37 mm/ka、171.83 mm/ka和168.27mm/ka;平均值为172.49mm/ka.说明六盘山西侧总体活动性要强于六盘山东侧,同时六盘山构造带北段较南段活动性强,并有逐渐增强趋势.其主要原因可能是六盘山西侧区域系列NWW、NNW活动构造发育对应力的转换和吸收占据重要位置,而六盘山东侧依附于较稳定的鄂尔多斯地块,对区域应力的转换和吸收不明显.