川西林盘文化景观基因识别与提取

文化景观是文化地理特征的集中体现,川西林盘文化景观基因识别与提取的研究是对林盘本质的认知和解读。根据文化景观的关键特征,基于文献与实地考察,综合运用问卷与半结构式访谈等方式进行调查,借助SPSS软件进行数据统计和处理,客观地明晰了林盘文化景观的结构组成;并在此基础上引入“景观基因”理论,以川西林盘的文化景观为研究对象,从遗传信息的表达,以及基因所属位列、功能性和重要度2个层面进行了相应的分类,进一步阐释了识别与提取的方法与流程。同时,在土地利用数据、卫星影像及地理信息数据电子地图等资料的辅助下,以新津、温江、崇州林盘群系与鱼子孔、龚林盘和胥家院子聚落单元为例,进行了文化景观基因的识别,归纳梳理出其共性基因、个性基因,并提取出民居、渠系、林地等主体基因,菜地、井等胞质基因、石笼、平桥等附着基因和治水工程、移民文化等调节基因。     

Identification and classification of resource-based cities in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Resource-dependent cities are cities whose economic development depends on the exploitation and processing of natural resources. Their transformation and...     

Parametric interpolation method for probabilistic fatigue analysis of steel risers

Slender marine structures such as mooring lines and risers are susceptible to failures due to stress variations coming from environmental actions. Wave, wind and current are random phenomena, and consequently the most adequate methodology to estimate the fatigue damage accumulation on these structures is the probabilistic fatigue analysis. In practice, the estimation of fatigue life requires the numerical simulation of a huge number of loading cases to compute the multi-dimensional integral of the total fatigue damage.This paper presents an efficient approach to compute the long-term fatigue damage of marine structures. The proposed method needs only a few number of numerical simulations to estimate the structure fatigue life. It uses a parametric interpolation procedure to evaluate the fatigue damage for any individual short-term condition (sea state) required in the calculation of the multi-dimensional integral. In this way, the total number of short-term structural analyzes is considerably reduced.The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method is compared to the full direct integration by means of two comprehensive examples. The first studied case is an idealized theoretical model of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system under wave loading, and the second one is a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) connected to a FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading floating unit).     

海南岛附近海域肉芝软珊瑚的鉴定

肉芝软珊瑚属(Sarcophyton)是珊瑚礁生态系统中常见的软珊瑚,具有极强的药用价值.我国肉芝软珊瑚种类资源十分丰富,但目前国内对此种珊瑚的分类研究处于停滞状态,肉芝软珊瑚外部形态差异较小,难以直接进行种类鉴定.本研究采集海南省三亚市西瑁岛、万宁市甘蔗岛和大洲岛珊瑚礁区的26个肉芝软珊瑚样品,根据骨针形态学初步鉴定,并分析线粒体msh1基因和COI基因序列进行种类鉴定.结果显示:所有采集的26个样品,鉴定为5个种,分别为:Sarcophyton cherbonnieri、Sarcophyton crassum、Sarcophyton trocheliophorum、Sarcophyton glaucum和Sarcophyton ehrenbergi.其中S. cherbonnieri和S. crassum为我国新纪录种.本研究为海南岛附近海域肉芝软珊瑚的鉴定提供参考,并为我国软珊瑚种类鉴定和生物多样性的研究提供基础数据.     

基于线粒体cyt b基因序列差异的组合PCR技术快速鉴定五种鳗鲡养殖种类的方法研究

在自然或人为因素下容易出现鳗苗种质混杂的现象,由于鳗鲡苗种在形态上十分相似,难以区分。为了保障鳗农的合法利益和提高养殖效益,急需建立一种能够在现场快速、高效使用的鳗鲡种质鉴定方法。本研究通过比对找出5种常见鳗鲡养殖种类:日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)、美洲鳗鲡(A.rostrata)、花鳗鲡(A.marmorata)、太平洋双色鳗鲡(A.bicolor pacifica)、欧洲鳗鲡(A.anguilla)线粒体细胞色素B(cytochrome b,cyt b)基因的差异序列,基于5个cyt b基因序列差异较大的片段,设计多对引物,分别经过PCR验证和条件优化,挑选出4对引物:aj S1/A1、r-a S1/A2、bp-m S5/A3和m-a S4/A4。将这4对引物组合在同一个反应体系中进行PCR扩增,进行条件优化,筛选出组合PCR的最优条件:退火温度为58oC;退火时间为45s;循环数为27。结果表明,通过扩增产物凝胶电泳中条带的有无及大小可快速准确的鉴定出五个鳗鲡种类。本研究建立的组合PCR方法在3小时内可完成整个种类鉴定过程,同时可使用便携式小型仪器完成操作,可满足现场快速、高效鉴定的要求。此外,通过MEGA5.0软件构建5种鳗鲡线粒体cyt b基因序列NJ进化树,发现花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡先聚为一支,再与日本鳗鲡聚在一起,而欧洲鳗鲡和美洲鳗鲡聚在一起,进化树图显示的遗传距离和它们的地理分布的远近相似。     

A new probabilistic approach to estimating marine gastropod densities from baited traps

A new probabilistic approach is proposed to assess muricid species population abundances at scales relevant to both Ancient and Modern coastal fisheries. Motivated by the long‐term goal of reconstructing the dynamics of exploited murex populations during Antiquity, the objective was to estimate the population density of the banded dye‐murex, Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) from successive captures with baited traps, using a method similar to the technique employed in the Mediterranean purple dye industry. The stochastic model developed simulates cumulative captures while accounting for high variability. It was calibrated with data acquired during a field trapping experiment (Crete Island, Greece). Traps’ catchability and Effective Area of Attraction (EAA) were estimated using the individual speed and behavioural response towards bait from laboratory experiments. Average density of H. trunculus was estimated as 2.2 ± 1.4 SE individuals per square metre, with no significant differences between seagrass and rocky habitats. The clearing time of successive capture experiments averaged 84 ± 6 SE hr. Clearing ca. 0.4 ha of subtidal area would be necessary to produce ca. 1.0 g of pure Tyrian purple pigment. The method described is generalizable to making population abundance estimates for similar groups, such as whelks, in modern fisheries.     

焦家金矿带3000m科研深钻地球物理测井及初步分析

焦家金矿带3 000 m勘查科研深钻使用多种测井方法,原位获取了钻孔岩石的各种物理化学参数,实现了设计预定的数据采集目标,取得了丰富的初步解译研究成果。通过交会图等技术分析了不同岩石的测井响应特征;通过常规识别法和主成分分析方法相结合,有效的识别了断裂带;通过阵列声波测井了解了岩石机械特性并估算了地应力参数;通过井温测量实现了井温梯度的计算。激电测井显示,低阻高极化为深部矿化体主要异常特征;依据极化率曲线整体幅值及形态分析认为2 485~3 122 m为矿化较为集中部位。     

Mechanism of Liquefaction Response in Sand–Silt Dynamic Centrifuge Tests

The process of dynamically induced liquefaction in two centrifuge soil models is analyzed. These models consist of saturated medium-dense sand overlain by a low permeability silt deposit, and represent prototypes of a level site and an embankment. The recorded lateral accelerations are employed to evaluate shear stress and strain histories at different elevations within the tested soil systems. These histories shed light on the involved liquefaction process, and the associated mechanisms of: (1) lateral deformation; (2) stiffness and strength degradation; and (3) possible densification and regain of stiffness, thereafter. The identified response patterns are found comparable to those documented by laboratory cyclic-loading tests.     

山西大同遥测台网低倍率系统的建设及作用

为拓宽台网的动态范围,根据山西大同遥测台网低倍率系统的建设及使用情况,简述了大同遥测台网提高定位精度、建立低倍率系统的方法及取得的实际效益,认为低倍系统可以解决大震记录限幅带来的震相识别困难问题,可提高定位精度。     

Modern geostatistics: computational BME analysis in the light of uncertain physical knowledge – the Equus Beds study

This paper is concerned with a computational formulation of the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) mapping method, which can handle rigorously and efficiently spatiotemporal applications of considerable practical importance. BME is a method of modern geostatistics that can integrate and process physical knowledge that belongs to two major bases: general knowledge (i.e., obtained from general principles and laws, summary statistics and background information), and specificatory knowledge (i.e., obtained through experience with the specific situation). BME allows considerable flexibility regarding the choice of an appropriate spatiotemporal map, offers a complete assessment of the mapping uncertainty and contributes to the scientific understanding of the underlying natural phenomenon. Valuable insight is gained by studying a spatiotemporal data set representing water-level elevations at the Equus Beds aquifer (Kansas). Numerical results show that, as was expected in theory, classical geostatistics analysis is obtained as a special case of the considerably more general BME approach. Moreover, modern geostatistical analysis in terms of BME offers more accurate and informative results in practice, by incorporating various sources of physical knowledge that cannot be processed by the classical methods.