流域污水处理厂群模拟调度系统设计与实现—以松花江为例

介绍了流域污水处理厂群模拟调度系统研发过程,该系统建立了流域基础地理与水环境专题数据库,集成流域厂群调度方案,嵌入水动力模型。系统实现了松花江专题数据管理、流域断面水质监测、水质动态模拟、厂群调度实施等功能,为流域污水厂群管理提供了软件平台支持。在本系统中,通过污水厂群协同合作的方式调控污染物,从整个流域的角度减少污水处理资金投入,提升污染物削减能力,进一步改善流域水质,对水污染治理与厂群管理等方面具有重要的意义。     

一种随机有限断层的三维地震动模拟方法——鲁甸地震为例

传统随机有限断层方法只能模拟水平单向地震动,不能完全满足工程抗震设计对三维（两个水平向及竖向）地震动需求。文中在传统方法的基础上发展了一种可模拟三维地震动的随机有限断层方法,利用水平向和/或垂直向P、SV、SH波在频域上的经验表达并结合随机相位合成三维地震动加速度时程。为验证方法的可靠性,模拟了2014年云南鲁甸地震的三维地震动。结果表明,改进方法合成的加速度时程波形与观测记录较相似,且模拟记录PGA、0.05~10 s周期段PSA幅值和谱形与观测记录也具有良好一致性,能合理反映地震动随距离的衰减规律;鲁甸地震三维地震动的可靠模拟也验证了路径衰减、路径持时经验模型、高频衰减参数、震源谱衰减率等模拟输入参数的可靠性,可进一步应用于该区域设定地震地震动预测。     

北京平原区土壤地球化学特征及影响因素分析

基于北京平原区土壤地球化学调查数据,运用数理统计、因子分析、相关性分析、回归分析等方法研究了土壤元素的横向和纵向分布特征,并探讨其影响因素.结果 表明:北京平原区土壤CaO、MgO、Na20、Hg、Cd、Sr、Ba、Sn等含量偏高,Sb、As、Th、W、Br、U、I、Mo、有机质等含量偏低.R型因子分析结果显示,F1因子为反映土壤原始背景特征的元素组合,F2、F4、F6因子为反映人类活动对土壤元素分布特征影响的元素组合,F3因子为反映成土母质基本信息的元素组合,F5因子为反映成土母岩基本特征的元素组合.利用一元非线性回归分析对部分元素的垂向分布特征进行数学建模,回归系数R2值为0.542~0.960,拟合效果总体较好;从区域尺度上初步判断出人类活动对重金属元素Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn影响深度约150~ 200 cm,对养分指标N、P、S、Se、有机质影响深度约50~ 100 cm.一般情况下,褐土中Se、Bi、Li、有机质、Mo、W等39项元素与指标的含量高于潮土,不同土壤质地中As、Cd、Cr、Ni、N、B等29项元素含量的大小关系为:砂质壤土<砂质黏壤土<黏壤土<壤质黏土,耕地土壤中Cd、N、P、有机质含量明显高于林地,中心城区土壤中有害重金属元素、养分指标的含量普遍高于郊区.     

数字高程模型信息提取与数字水文模型研究进展

回顾了数字高程模型(DEM)数据的信息提取方法,阐述了由DEM提取的信息在水文水资源领域应用的现状,探讨了数字模型在水文科学中的作用和数字水文在数字地球所处的地位及应用前景。     

非均质土壤饱和稳定流中盐分运移的传递函数模拟

对室内人工构造的两种非均质土柱,以传递函数模型作为模拟手段,研究了稳定流场中饱和非均质土壤盐分优先运移的随机特征。首先计算了模型参数μ和σ2,获得了氯离子在非均质土壤中迁移时间的概率密度函数,然后应用传递函数模型对土柱中氯离子的出流浓度动态进行了随机模拟,并对非均质土壤中氯离子的均值和中值迁移时间及相应的运移体积与可动体积进行了分析和讨论,还依据质量守衡原理获得了土壤溶液中氯离子平均驻留浓度的变化。     

海岸河口潮流数值模拟的研究与进展

对海岸河口地区潮流场的数值模拟方法进行了较为系统的归纳总结和评述,对潮流数值模拟的发展趋势进行了分析.     

Stochastic Modelling of the Impact of Flood Protection Measures Along the River Waal in the Netherlands

River flooding is a problem of international interest. In the past few years many countries suffered from severe floods. A large part of the Netherlands is below sea level and river levels. The Dutch flood defences along the river Rhine are designed for water levels with a probability of exceedance of 1/1250 per year. These water levels are computed with a hydrodynamic model using a deterministic bed level and a deterministic design discharge. Traditionally, the safety against flooding in the Netherlands is obtained by building and reinforcing dikes. Recently, a new policy was proposed to cope with increasing design discharges in the Rhine and Meuse rivers. This policy is known as the Room for the River (RfR) policy, in which a reduction of flood levels is achieved by measures creating space for the river, such as dike replacement, side channels and floodplain lowering. As compared with dike reinforcement, these measures may have a stronger impact on flow and sediment transport fields, probably leading to stronger morphological effects. As a result of the latter the flood conveyance capacity may decrease over time. An a priori judgement of safety against flooding on the basis of an increased conveyance capacity of the river can be quite misleading. Therefore, the determination of design water levels using a fixed-bed hydrodynamic model may not be justified and the use of a mobile-bed approach may be more appropriate. This problem is addressed in this paper, using a case study of the river Waal (one of the Rhine branches in the Netherlands). The morphological response of the river Waal to a flood protection measure (floodplain lowering in combination with summer levee removal) is analysed. The effect of this measure is subject to various sources of uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to calculate the impact of uncertainties in the river discharge on the bed levels. The impact of the “uncertain” morphological response on design flood level predictions is analysed for three phenomena, viz. the impact of the spatial morphological variation over years, the impact of the seasonal morphological variation and the impact of the morphological variability around bifurcation points. The impact of seasonal morphological variations turns out to be negligible, but the other two phenomena appear to have each an appreciable impact (order of magnitude 0.05–0.1 m) on the computed design water levels. We have to note however, that other sources of uncertainty (e.g. uncertainty in hydraulic roughness predictor), which may be of influence, are not taken into consideration. In fact, the present investigation is limited to the sensitivity of the design water levels to uncertainties in the predicted bed level.     

松辽盆地北部泉头组三、四段储层质量预测

为了预测松辽盆地北部泉头组三、四段低渗透储层的质量,首先将碎屑岩的成岩作用细分为早成岩阶段A、早成岩阶段B期、中成岩阶段A1亚期、中成岩阶段A21、A2、中成岩阶段B期。统计结果表明,成岩作用对储层的物性和含油性具有明显的控制作用,处于中成岩阶段B期的任何沉积相的砂体均不能产出工业油气流,在中成岩阶段A22只有主河道砂...     

Amplitude Variation with Offset Responses Modeling Study of Walkaway Vertical Seismic Profile Data at CO2 Geological Storage Site, Ketzin, Germany

An important component of any CO2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties, such as velocity and density. Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset (AVO) responses, which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) AVO response to CO2 injection at the Ketzin site, the first European onshore CO2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO2. First, we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation. On the basis of this model, the seismic response for different CO2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling. We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data, which we then processed. In contrast, synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data. Finally, we found that the amplitude of CO2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer. This is the typical class III AVO anomaly for gas sand layer. The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well. Therefore, walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO2 distribution in the Ketzin area.