改进曲率模态识别桥梁损伤位置方法研究

结构健康监测和结构状态评估的主要前提之一是结构损伤识别。基于曲率模态对结构局部损伤比较敏感和频率指标测试简单方便、精度高的特点,本文提出了一种以结构的曲率模态为基础,综合考虑频率的变化的改进的结构损伤识别方法。随机子空间方法是一种行之有效的基于环境激励的结构状态识别方法。该方法的主要优点是无需人工激励,不中断桥梁的运营。为此,论文提出了一种不中断桥梁运营的基于改进曲率模态的桥梁结构损伤识别方法。最后用一三跨连续梁的有限元模型对该改进方法进行了验证。结果表明,采用随机子空间结合改进的曲率模态方法可以在不中断桥梁运营的前提下有效地识别出桥梁的损伤状况。     

基于随机振动理论确定桥梁地震碰撞的临界间隙

确定梁桥邻跨间避免地震碰撞的最小间隙,对于梁桥地震碰撞危险性预测及防地震碰撞措施的设计有着显著意义。本文基于随机振动理论建立梁桥地震碰撞邻跨临界间隙的计算方法,分析模型采用跨径不等的两跨简支梁桥,且考虑隔震支座非线性恢复力的影响。文中首先建立了系统的非线性运动方程;随后运用随机等效线性化理论将其线性化;最后在复模态空间推导了临界碰撞间隙的均值与方差的计算方法。人工地震动的非线性时程分析结果验证了本文算法的正确性。参数分析表明,临界间隙随邻跨长度比增大而增大,随支座屈服力与上部结构重量比值减小而增大,随隔震支座屈服位移增大而增大,随桥墩振动周期增大而增大。隔震支座屈服前后刚度比值对临界间隙大小影响很小。     

Simulation of normal distributed smooth fields by Karhunen-Loéve expansion in combination with kriging

Simulation of multigaussian stochastic fields can be made after a Karhunen-Loéve expansion of a given covariance function. This method is also called simulation by Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The simulations are made by drawing stochastic coefficients from a random generator. These numbers are multiplied with eigenfunctions and eigenvalues derived from the predefined covariance model. The number of eigenfunctions necessary to reproduce the stochastic process within a predefined variance error, turns out to be a cardinal question. Some ordinary analytical covariance functions are used to evaluate how quickly the series of eigenfunctions can be truncated. This analysis demonstrates extremely quick convergence to 99.5% of total variance for the 2nd order exponential (‘gaussian’) covariance function, while the opposite is true for the 1st order exponential covariance function. Due to these convergence characteristics, the Karhunen-Loéve method is most suitable for simulating smooth fields with ‘gaussian’ shaped covariance functions. Practical applications of Karhunen-Loéve simulations can be improved by spatial interpolation of the eigenfunctions. In this paper, we suggest interpolation by kriging and limits for reproduction of the predefined covariance functions are evaluated.     

桩基承载力自平衡试验方法在昆明地区的应用研究

概述了自平衡法的基本原理,对云南某化工有限公司5×105t/a合成氨煤气化装置中的三根试桩采用自平衡新方法进行了桩基承载力测试,对测试数据进行了整理和分析。应用结果表明,测试取得较好的工程效果。     

多年冻土区桩基础桥墩随机地震反应分析

将随机振动理论、粘弹性边界条件的二维波动法以及结构动力分析有限元法结合起来，考虑场地地震动为零均值的高斯平稳随机过程，对青藏铁路多年冻土区桩基础桥墩进行了随机地震反应分析，计算了9度地震作用下桥墩随机地震响应最大值的均值和均方差，分析了冻土层及桥墩高度对桥墩随机地震响应的影响。     

高压断路器隔震体系抗震可靠度分析

给出了基于随机地震动模型的高压断路器抗震可靠性分析方法。通过建立高压断路器及其隔震体系的有限元计算模型，分析了在断路器底部瓷套管根部加设叠层橡胶垫后的动力性能，分析中利用随机地震动模型，充分考虑地震动的随机作用，给出了四类场地土条件下结构的地震响应均值和标准差；利用一次二阶矩理论计算得到高压断路器的可靠度，给出了各场地土条件下的震害率曲线。结果表明不同场地土条件下隔震垫的减震效果有所差异。     

Equivalent force control method for generalized real‐time substructure testing with implicit integration

This paper presents a new method, called the equivalent force control method, for solving the nonlinear equations of motion in a real‐time substructure test using an implicit time integration algorithm. The method replaces the numerical iteration in implicit integration with a force‐feedback control loop, while displacement control is retained to control the motion of an actuator. The method is formulated in such a way that it represents a unified approach that also encompasses the effective force test method. The accuracy and effectiveness of the method have been demonstrated with numerical simulations of real‐time substructure tests with physical substructures represented by spring and damper elements, respectively. The method has also been validated with actual tests in which a Magnetorheological damper was used as the physical substructure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地基半空间等效集总体系的比拟法与实测分析

先略述莱斯默比拟法的形成;再由半空间理论等效为质弹体系,得出辐射阻尼比、刚度及参振土质量,并论述两体系的结合;最后经实测、分析和使用,考虑土体非匀质性折减阻尼比以作修正,使其更为实用。这有助于消除在我国长期认为阻尼比大而不安全、不便使用的疑虑,以便推动半空间理论在我国的实用化。     

基于等效单自由度体系的结构地震输入能量的研究

通过对多自由度体系结构在地震作用下的能量分析,考虑地震动因素和结构自身特性,提出一种框架结构地震总输入能量的简化求解方法.实例计算结果表明:基于等效单自由度体系来估计多自由度体系的地震总输入能,是一种计算简便且较为准确的方法.     

Stochastic subspace identification for output‐only modal analysis: application to super high‐rise tower under abnormal loading condition

The objective of this paper is to develop an online system parameter estimation technique from the response measurements through using the recursive covariance‐driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI‐COV) approach. In developing the recursive SSI‐COV, to avoid time‐consumption of singular value decomposition in recursive SSI, the extended instrumental variable version of the projection approximation subspace tracking method is used in SSI‐COV. Besides, to reduce the effect of noise on the results of identification, the preprocessing of data using recursive singular spectrum analysis technique is also presented to remove the noise contaminant measurements to enhance the stability of data analysis. On the basis of the proposed method, both the ambient vibration and seismic response data of a tower (Canton Tower) are used to observe the time‐varying system natural frequencies of a tower from its operating condition. Results from using off‐line SSI‐COV method under normal operating condition are also presented. Comparison on the identified time‐varying dynamic characteristics of the tower under normal operating condition and earthquake response of distanced earthquake event is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.