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正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Experimental study of hollow rectangular bridge column performance under vertical and cyclically bilateral loads

To investigate the seismic performance of hollow reinforced concrete(RC) bridge columns of rectangular cross section under constant axial load and cyclically biaxial bending,five specimens were tested.A parametric study is carried out for different axial load ratios,longitudinal reinforcement ratios and lateral reinforcement ratios.The experimental results showed that all tested specimens failed in the flexural failure mode and their ultimate performance was dominated by flexural capacity,which is represented by the rupture/buckling of tensile longitudinal rebars at the bottom of the bridge columns.Biaxial force and displacement hysteresis loops showed significant stiffness and strength degradations,and the pinching effect and coupling interaction effect of both directions severely decrease the structural seismic resistance.However,the measured ductility coefficient varying from 3.5 to 5.7 and the equivalent viscous damping ratio varying from 0.19 and 0.26 can meet the requirements of the seismic design.The hollow RC rectangular bridge columns with configurations of lateral reinforcement in this study have excellent performance under bidirectional earthquake excitations,and may be considered as a substitute for current hollow RC rectangular section configurations described in the Guideline for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges(JTG/T B02-01-2008).The length of the plastic hinge region was found to approach one sixth of the hollow RC rectangular bridge column height for all specimen columns,and it was much less than those specified in the current JTG/T.Thus,the length of the plastic hinge region is more concentrated for RC rectangular hollow bridge columns.     

Cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance or conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation bars

The cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance (HP) steel reinforcing bars and that with conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation (ED) bars were investigated. The HP steel reinforcing bars are characterized by higher strength, greater ductility, and superior corrosion resistance compared with the conventional steel reinforcing bars. Three large‐scale columns were tested. One was designed with the HP ED bars and two with the conventional ED bars. The HP ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete. The conventional ED bars were fully bonded to the concrete for one column, whereas unbonded for a length to delay fracture of the bars and to increase energy dissipation for the other column. Test results showed that the column with the HP ED bars had greater drift capacity, higher lateral strength, and larger energy dissipation than that with fully bonded conventional ED bars. The column with unbonded conventional ED bars achieved the same drift capacity and similar energy dissipation capacity as that with the HP ED bars. All the three columns showed good self‐centering capability with residual drifts not greater than 0.4% drift. An analytical model referred to as joint bar‐slip rotation method for pushover analysis of segmental columns with ED bars is proposed. The model calculates joint rotation from the slip of the ED bars from two sides of the joint. Good agreement was found between analytical predictions and the envelope responses of the three columns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

初始孔压非均布条件下散体材料桩复合地基固结理论研究

针对现有复合地基固结理论仍不能考虑实际工程中存在的初始孔压非均布情况的不足,采用解析方法对散体材料桩复合地基进行深入研究,给出了考虑初始孔压非均布的散体材料桩复合地基固结一般解。探讨了初始孔压非均布的3种特殊情况,导出了初始孔压矩形分布（均布）、正三角形分布和倒三角形分布等情况下的复合地基平均孔压和平均固结度表达式。研究表明：单面排水条件下,初始孔压分布对复合地基固结有显著影响;初始孔压均布和正三角形分布条件下,超静孔压随Tv值的增大而逐渐消散,固结期间地基底部孔压值最大;初始孔压倒三角形和梯形（pB /pT =0.5）分布条件下,Tv值越大,孔压等时线越平缓,且孔压最大值的位置由地基顶部向底部转移,固结过程中底部孔压变化呈现“从小变大、再变小”的特点     

Non-plastic silty sand liquefaction,screening, and remediation

Assessing liquefaction potential, in situ screening using cone penetration resistance, and liquefaction-remediation of non-plastic silty soils are difficult problems. Presence of silt particles among the sand grains in silty soils alter the moduli, shear strength, and flow characteristics of silty soils compared to clean host sand at the same global void ratio. Cyclic resistance (CRR) and normalized cone penetration resistance (q_c1N) are each affected by silt content in a different way. Therefore, a unique correlation between cyclic resistance and cone resistance is not possible for sands and silty sands. Likewise, the response of silty soils subjected to traditional deep dynamic compaction (DC) and vibro-stone column (SC) densification techniques is influenced by the presence of silt particles, compared to the response in sand. Silty soils require drainage-modifications to make them amenable for dynamic densification techniques. The first part of this paper addresses the effects of silt content on cyclic resistance CRR, hydraulic conductivity k, and coefficient of consolidation C_v of silty soils compared to clean sand. The second part of the paper assesses the effectiveness of equivalent intergranular void ratio (e_c)_eq concept to approximately account for the effects of silt content on CRR. The third part of the paper explores the combined effects of silt content (viz effects of (e_c)_eq, k, and C_v) on q_c1N using laboratory model cone tests and preliminary numerical simulation experiments. A possible inter-relationship between q_c1N, CRR, accommodating the different degrees of influence of (e_c)_eq, k, and C_v on q_c1N and CRR, is discussed. The fourth part of the paper focuses on the detrimental effects of silt content on the effectiveness of DC and SC techniques to densify silty soils for liquefaction-mitigation. Finally, the effectiveness of supplemental wick drains to aid drainage and facilitate densification and liquefaction mitigation of silty sands using DC and SC techniques is discussed.     

火灾下配有钢管的钢骨混凝土柱温度场有限元分析

利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了配有钢管的SRC柱温度场的有限元分析模型,模拟火灾作用下各个时刻构件的三维温度场分布,并利用试验结果对模型进行了验证,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。在此基础上,分析了截面周长、型钢含钢率和截面核心面积比对构件温度场的影响规律。研究成果为进一步深入研究配有钢管的SRC柱高温下的力学性能创造了条件。     

受火钢筋混凝土柱三维温度场的数值模拟

受火构件内部温度场随时间和空间的变化规律对结构和构件的高温响应和抗火性能是至关重要的。应用通用有限元分析程序ABAQUS,对火灾下钢筋混凝土柱的二维温度场和三维温度场进行了有限元分析计算。所得计算结果与相关试验数据吻合,证明了通过通用有限元软件对钢筋混凝土结构进行三维温度场分析的可行性,也为混凝土结构在高温下以及高温后的三维响应分析提供了理论依据。     

标准升温条件下PEC柱耐火极限理论分析及简化计算

基于ABAQUS软件建立了标准升温条件下局部填充混凝土（Partially Encaed Concrete,简称PEC）柱抗火性能分析的有限元模型,计算了火灾下PEC柱的变形曲线及耐火极限,计算结果得到了已有试验数据的验证。利用上述模型分析了截面几何参数、材料物理参数、荷载比及偏心率等因素对耐火极限的影响。在参数分析的基础上,建立了标准升温条件下PEC耐火极限简化计算方法。结果表明：无耐火保护PEC柱的耐火极限一般达不到现有抗火标准的要求;荷栽比、长细比和截面周长是影响PEC柱耐火极限的主要因素;该耐火极限简化计算方法可供工程设计参考。     

Performance of geosynthetic-reinforced granular piles in soft clays: Model tests and numerical analysis

The laboratory model tests and numerical analyses have been performed on reinforced granular piles installed in very soft clay. The granular piles were reinforced with geosynthetic in the form of vertical encasement, horizontal strips and combined vertical-horizontal reinforcement. The short term-displacement control model tests were carried out either only a granular pile loaded or with an entire area loaded. The laboratory results in the form of vertical load intensity-settlement behaviour were compared with that obtained from FEM software, PLAXIS 3D. The results indicated significant improvement in ultimate load intensity and stiffness of treated ground due to inclusion of geosynthetic.     

基于内部结构概化的华北型煤田岩溶陷落柱分类

岩溶陷落柱是华北型煤田所具有的一种特殊地质构造,对煤矿安全生产造成巨大威胁。为了研究岩溶陷落柱的突水机理,确保煤矿采掘工程的安全,提出了岩溶陷落柱的内部结构概化模型,包括堆石段、泥石浆段、岩块碎屑段和柱壁裂隙段4个不同的部分,各部分之间既有相互联系,又显示出不同的力学和水力特征。基于此模型,对岩溶陷落柱按照内部结构的不同进行了分类,将岩溶陷落柱分为堆石型、堆石裂隙型、堆石泥石浆型等8种不同类型,并总结分析了不同类型岩溶陷落柱的结构特征和突水特征,且对不同类型岩溶陷落柱煤矿采掘工程提出了建议。