Geostatistical Simulation of Regionalized Pore-Size Distributions Using Min/Max Autocorrelation Factors

In many fields of the Earth Sciences, one is interested in the distribution of particle or void sizes within samples. Like many other geological attributes, size distributions exhibit spatial variability, and it is convenient to view them within a geostatistical framework, as regionalized functions or curves. Since they rarely conform to simple parametric models, size distributions are best characterized using their raw spectrum as determined experimentally in the form of a series of abundance measures corresponding to a series of discrete size classes. However, the number of classes may be large and the class abundances may be highly cross-correlated. In order to model the spatial variations of discretized size distributions using current geostatistical simulation methods, it is necessary to reduce the number of variables considered and to render them uncorrelated among one another. This is achieved using a principal components-based approach known as Min/Max Autocorrelation Factors (MAF). For a two-structure linear model of coregionalization, the approach has the attractive feature of producing orthogonal factors ranked in order of increasing spatial correlation. Factors consisting largely of noise and exhibiting pure nugget–effect correlation structures are isolated in the lower rankings, and these need not be simulated. The factors to be simulated are those capturing most of the spatial correlation in the data, and they are isolated in the highest rankings. Following a review of MAF theory, the approach is applied to the modeling of pore-size distributions in partially welded tuff. Results of the case study confirm the usefulness of the MAF approach for the simulation of large numbers of coregionalized variables.     

地理信息系统费用效益分析

在经济发展的推动下，地理信息系统技术的应用在我国迅速兴起，特别是在城市规划和土地管理等领域非常活跃。随着一些大型系统的筹备和建立，地理信息系统费用效益分析已显得十分重要，许多用户迫切需要这方面的资料并了解有关方法。费用效益分析是地理信息系统进行立项可行性研究和系统管理的一个基本内容，本文主要介绍国外这一领域的观点，总结和提出确定地理信息系统费用和效益的方法，并讨论有关经济分析技术，旨在推动这一工作的深入开展。     

地震易损性分析方法研究综述

结构的地震易损性分析对于预测结构的抗震性能、进行结构的抗震设计、加固和维修决策具有重要的应用价值。本文将对近几十年来地震易损性评估方法领域内的重大发展做全面综述,并对易损性分析方法的类别和优缺点及其应用作了总结和讨论。     

Enhanced identification of a hydrologic model using streamflow and satellite water storage data: A multicriteria sensitivity analysis and optimization approach

Hydrologic model development and calibration have continued in most cases to focus only on accurately reproducing streamflows. However, complex models, for example, the so‐called physically based models, possess large degrees of freedom that, if not constrained properly, may lead to poor model performance when used for prediction. We argue that constraining a model to represent streamflow, which is an integrated resultant of many factors across the watershed, is necessary but by no means sufficient to develop a high‐fidelity model. To address this problem, we develop a framework to utilize the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment's (GRACE) total water storage anomaly data as a supplement to streamflows for model calibration, in a multiobjective setting. The VARS method (Variogram Analysis of Response Surfaces) for global sensitivity analysis is used to understand the model behaviour with respect to streamflow and GRACE data, and the BORG multiobjective optimization method is applied for model calibration. Two subbasins of the Saskatchewan River Basin in Western Canada are used as a case study. Results show that the developed framework is superior to the conventional approach of calibration only to streamflows, even when multiple streamflow‐based error functions are simultaneously minimized. It is shown that a range of (possibly false) system trajectories in state variable space can lead to similar (acceptable) model responses. This observation has significant implications for land‐surface and hydrologic model development and, if not addressed properly, may undermine the credibility of the model in prediction. The framework effectively constrains the model behaviour (by constraining posterior parameter space) and results in more credible representation of hydrology across the watershed.     

地震趋势分析法在台湾地区的应用

在北纬 2 1°～ 2 6° ,东经 119°～ 12 3°内 ,依据板块运动、地体构造界线、活动断层分析和强震震中分布四个因素 ,绘制台湾地区的地震地体构造区分图 ;将台湾地区分成东西两个地震区 ;E1～E4、W1～W4等共八个地震带。根据强震幕式分析、地震活动性水平分析、地震频次与缺震异常分析和空区与条带分析四个地震趋势分析步骤 ,分析 2 0 0 1年和 2 0 0 2年台湾地区的中强地震趋势。实际地震结果表明 ,这种地震趋势分析方法在台湾地区有非常好的应用效果。     

柴北缘胜利口东地区白云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素

[研究目的]柴北缘地区分布着大量早古生代花岗岩,是否存在与大陆深俯冲和早期碰撞阶段的岩浆活动,截至目前研究资料较少,制约了对柴北缘地区大地构造背景演化的认识.[研究方法]本文对胜利口东地区白云母二长花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究.[研究结果]通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得...     

塔里木盆地西北缘海相白垩系-古近系界线沉积物环境指标研究

发生于中生代-新生代之间的事件是地质历史上一次重大灾变和异常事件,因此白垩系-古近系之间的界线(K/T界线)就成为全球最重要的地质界线之一.通过对塔里木盆地西北缘乌恰地区库孜贡苏河剖面海相上白垩统-古新统地层的岩性和沉积环境变化以及地球化学特征研究,重点利用沉积物色度、有机碳含量、碳酸钙和碳、氧稳定同位素的明显异常变化...     

2011年8月气候异常及成因分析

在总结2011年8月我国气候异常与大气环流特征的基础上,针对西南干旱和热带气旋活动偏少两大气候异常事件的成因进行了分析。结果表明：高度场偏高、西太平洋副热带高压偏强、夏季风偏弱和水汽条件较差等大气环流异常是导致高温干旱的主要原因;中部型拉尼娜事件的滞后影响和印度洋偏暖的影响是西南干旱的重要外强迫条件。南海对流活动偏弱,菲律宾以东季风槽位置偏北,热带气旋活动区域垂直风切偏大,西北太平洋副热带高压偏强等因素导致热带气旋活动偏少。     

边界层风廓线雷达在降水时段中的在线分析应用研究

本研究提出了一种在边界层风廓线雷达连续运行的降水探测时段中对降水频谱进行在线分析的新的应用方式。详细介绍了边界层风廓线雷达在线分析原理和方法。同时结合典型降水频谱个例,分析了可获得的多个潜在的气象参数和信息。并指出,该在线分析方式的实施可以使风廓线雷达的应用领域从晴空探测向降水测量拓展;有效缓解当前风廓线雷达应用存在的瓶颈问题;间接证明边界层风廓线雷达组网间距不固定的观点。文章分析说明,随着在线分析方式的推广应用,边界层风廓线雷达将成为单站精细化气象探测和预报/服务的重要工具。     

Test Study on Current Force on Mooring Ships

In respect of an offshore berthing pillar, the test study result of current force acting on mooring ships is described in this paper. Empirical and semi-empirical relationships of current force coefficient are given according to the angle between the flow direction and the ship's longitudinal axis, which are coincident with the result of theoretical analysis.