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81.
临汾龙子祠泉岩溶水系统水文地质特征及开发利用前景 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在讨论了龙子祠泉岩溶水系统岩叶下水水文地质特征的基础上,岩溶地下水对开发利用前景进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
82.
Kurt O. Konhauser Vernon R. Phoenix Simon H. Bottrell David G. Adams & Ian M. Head 《Sedimentology》2001,48(2):415-433
Silicified deposits, such as sinters, occur in several modern geothermal environments, but the mechanisms of silicification (and crucially the role of microorganisms in their construction) are still largely unresolved. Detailed examination of siliceous sinter, in particular sections of microstromatolites growing at the Krisuvik hot spring, Iceland, reveals that biomineralization contributes a major component to the overall structure, with approximately half the sinter thickness attributed to silicified microorganisms. Almost all microorganisms observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) are mineralized, with epicellular silica ranging in thickness from < 5 μm coatings on individual cells, to regions where entire colonies are cemented together in an amorphous silica matrix tens of micrometres thick. Within the overall profile, there appears to be two very distinct types of laminae that alternate repeatedly throughout the microstromatolite: ‘microbial’ layers are predominantly consisting of filamentous, intact, vertically aligned, biomineralized cyanobacteria, identified as Calothrix and Fischerella sp.; and weakly laminated silica layers which appear to be devoid of any microbial component. The microbial layers commonly have a sharply defined base, overlying the weakly laminated silica, and a gradational upper surface merging into the weakly laminated silica. These cyclic laminations are probably explained by variations in microbial activity. Active growth during spring/summer allows the microorganisms to keep pace with silicification, with the cell surfaces facilitating silicification, while during their natural slow growth phase in the dark autumn/winter months silicification exceeds the bacteria’s ability to compensate (i.e. grow upwards). At this stage, the microbial colony is probably not essential to microstromatolite formation, with silicification presumably occurring abiogenically. When conditions once again become favourable for growth, recolonization of the solid silica surface by free‐living bacteria occurs: cell motility is not responsible for the laminations. We have also observed that microbial populations within the microstromatolite, some several mm in depth, appear viable, i.e. they still have their pigmentation, the trichomes are not collapsed, cell walls are unbroken, cytoplasm is still present and they proved culturable. This suggests that the bulk of silicification occurred rapidly, probably while the cells were still alive. Surprisingly, however, measurements of light transmittance through sections of the microstromatolite revealed that photosynthetically active light (PAL) only transmitted through the uppermost 2 mm. Therefore the ‘deeper’ microbial populations must have either: (i) altered their metabolic pathways; (ii) become metabolically inactive; or (iii) the deeper populations may be dominated by different microbial assemblages from that of the surface. From these collective observations, it now seems unequivocal that microstromatolite formation is intimately linked to microbial activity and that the sinter fabric results from a combination of biomineralization, cell growth and recolonization. Furthermore, the similarities in morphology and microbial component to some Precambrian stromatolites, preserved in primary chert, suggests that we may be witnessing contemporaneous biomineralization processes and growth patterns analogous to those of the early Earth. 相似文献
83.
A new method of estimating the fractal dimension of the percolation backbone of karst systems, which are discharged through karst springs, is presented. This method is based on the simulation of the spring by the MODKARST deterministic mathematical model. Application has been made to the Psiloritis karst formation in Crete, which feeds the periodically brackish karst spring “Almiros” in Crete. Furthermore, the estimated dimension justifies an independently determined power law that quantifies the sea intrusion into the karst system. 相似文献
84.
广武新灌区春小麦土壤水分变化规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对广武新灌区春小麦土壤水分的垂直变化、季节变化和时空变化的研究,将广武新灌区0~100cm土层划分为活跃层、贮水层、阻隔层和无效水分层,为寻找新灌区节水途径奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为深化对济南泉域的认识,运用已有钻孔、地质图、地形图及剖面图等多源地质数据,通过对钻孔数据、地质边界、DEM数据、断层数据以及辅助数据等多源数据进行耦合,对剖面进行CAD设计以完善空间信息,建立了济南泉域钻孔模型、断层模型、层面模型,采用Horizons-to-solids方法实现了实体模型的重构,最终完成了济南保泉三维地质建模。该模型实现了空间信息全方位、一体化显示,刻画了地质对象之间复杂的空间关系,解决了地质空间数据的查询、分析、计算与管理,为济南保泉工作提供了有力的地质依据。 相似文献
89.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):971-984
Abstract The identification of the turbidity mechanisms in two karstic springs (Ribaa and Bittit) located in the Middle Atlas Plateau in Morocco was performed by means of correlation and spectral analyses applied to time series of rainfall, flow rates, and turbidity. Time series analyses of rainfall and discharges revealed high inertia and storage capacities of the karstic systems. However, the occurrence of turbidity in the springs proved independent of discharges. A causal relationship between rainfall and the occurrence of turbidity in the form of waves was established. Accordingly, turbidity was assumed to be related to the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in the karst. Turbulent quickflows in the karst transmissive conduits, following heavy rainfall, are thought to provoke the resuspension of solid particles deposited in the conduits, as well as their transport towards outlets. An external origin has also been contemplated, concerning infiltration waters may be loaded with suspended matters washed from the watershed. 相似文献
90.
We established the relationships between water chemistry changes in a pool fed by a permanent spring and seasonal variations in trace-element contents (Sr & Mg) in the shells of the ostracod species Herpetocypris intermedia, based on monthly collections of ostracod and water samples. The water chemistry of the investigated pool (Maïques, Valëncia, Spain) was dominated by calcium and bicarbonate, and showed marked seasonal variation in alkalinity, Ca2+ content, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. Although the variability in the water chemistry was relatively low (~10% relative standard deviation over the entire period), the trace-element contents in the ostracod shells tracked the seasonal change in the water chemistry of Maïques pool. Moreover, due to the rapid renewal of H. intermedia population, this species is able torecord in its shells the evolution of the water chemistry at a monthly time scale. Our results also showed that, in the Maïques pool system, ostracod Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios increased with the decrease in water salinity.To our knowledge, this is the first geochemical study of ostracods dwelling in spring environments. The results of this study may be applied to paleohydrological reconstruction using ostracods preserved in sediments deposited around springs (i.e. travertine and tufa deposits). 相似文献