Radon变换在非规则观测系统中波场分离的应用

Radon变换是数据处理中广泛应用的一种方法技术.本文介绍了Radon变换在规则及其非规则观测系统中波场分离中应用,讨论了Radon变换的公式、实现方法和有关计算参数的选择.通过理论模型的试算,阐明了Radon变换在缺失道、道距变化情况下依然可以高精度的分离波场,并对线性、抛物Radon变换进行了比较,对隧道超前预报反射波资料进行了处理,给出了隧道超前预报处理流程中提取反射波的算例.     

Behaviour of deep immersed tunnel under combined normal fault rupture deformation and subsequent seismic shaking

Immersed tunnels are particularly sensitive to tensile and compressive deformations such as those imposed by a normal seismogenic fault rupturing underneath, and those generated by the dynamic response due to seismic waves. The paper investigates the response of a future 70 m deep immersed tunnel to the consecutive action of a major normal fault rupturing in an earthquake occurring in the basement rock underneath the tunnel, and a subsequent strong excitation from a different large-magnitude seismic event that may occur years later. Non-linear finite elements model the quasi-static fault rupture propagation through the thick soil deposit overlying the bedrock and the ensuing interaction of the rupture with the immersed tunnel. It is shown that despite imposed bedrock offset of 2 m, net tension or excessive compression between tunnel segments could be avoided with a suitable design of the joint gaskets. Then, the already deformed (“injured”) structure is subjected to strong asynchronous seismic shaking. The thick-walled tunnel is modelled as a 3-D massive flexural beam connected to the soil through properly-calibrated nonlinear interaction springs and dashpots, the supports of which are subjected to the free-field acceleration time histories. The latter, obtained with 1-D wave propagation analysis, are then modified to account for wave passage effects. The joints between tunnel segments are modeled with special non-linear hyper-elastic elements, properly accounting for their 7-bar longitudinal hydrostatic pre-stressing. Sliding is captured with special gap elements. The effect of segment length and joint properties is explored parametrically. A fascinating conclusion emerges in all analysed cases for the joints between segments that were differentially deformed after the quasi-static fault rupture: upon subsequent very strong seismic shaking, overstressed joints de-compress and understressed joints re-compress—a “healing” process that leads to a more uniform deformation profile along the tunnel. This is particularly beneficial for the precariously de-compressed joint gaskets. Hence, the safety of the immersed tunnel improves with “subsequent” strong seismic shaking!     

超大断面低扁平率公路隧洞先成预应力结构新型支护体系数值模拟

为适应日益增长的经济和交通发展需求,修建以4车道公路隧道为代表的超大断面低扁平率公路隧洞的需求初露端倪,这类隧道的低扁平率特征使传统的隧道支护体系面临许多困难,急待开发新型的隧洞支护体系。采用FLAC数值模拟平台研究了基于隧洞“先成结构法”支护理念的“先成预应力结构”新型支护体系在提高超大断面低扁平率公路隧洞洞室稳定性方面的效果,为“先成结构法”支护理念在超大断面低扁平率公路隧洞中的应用实施提供了有力的支持。     

隧道结构系统可靠度研究

在结构系统可靠度研究的基础上,根据隧道结构的特点,应用概率理论及工程结构系统可靠度分析方法,对整个隧道结构系统可靠度进行了探讨。隧道结构系统可靠度研究包括衬砌断面可靠度、在各种不同围岩压力作用下衬砌断面可靠度、同种围岩地段衬砌可靠度以及整座隧道可靠度的研究。整座隧道可看作由两端洞门和洞内不同围岩地段隧道衬砌所组成的串联系统,任一围岩地段衬砌和任一洞门结构的破损,都认为该隧道破损,则运用“概率网络估算技术”（又称PNET法）可求得整座隧道系统的失效概率与可靠指标。通过实例计算得到,整座隧道系统的总体可靠指标比所有单段结构的可靠指标都要低。     

扁平大跨度公路隧道松动荷载计算方法探讨

确定松动荷载的方法多为规范法和理论公式法,这些方法都建立在对以往隧道松动荷载统计和分析的基础上。双洞八车道扁平大跨度公路隧道是近几年发展起来的一种隧道形式。由于其跨度增加、扁平率降低,现有松动荷载的算方法是否适用于双洞八车道公路隧道,已成为隧道建设者面对的重要问题之一。以广州龙头山双洞八车道公路隧道为研究背景,概括和总结了各种松动荷载的计算方法;应用这些方法计算龙头山隧道的松动压力,分析和对比计算结果,并通过数值计算和实测围岩压力对各种方法的合理性进行了分析;根据各种方法的产生背景和内容,分析其各自的适用性;根据研究结果,对扁平大跨度公路隧道进行了适应性分析和讨论。     

碎石土隧道自稳性的三维离散元分析

随着国家对基础设施建设投资力度的不断加大,一些需要穿越碎石土体的隧道不断涌现。针对铁路、公路建设中遇到的碎石土隧道的自稳问题,利用改进后的三维离散元模型及编制的计算软件,对碎石土隧道的自稳性进行了模拟分析,探讨了粒径与隧道自稳性之间的关系,研究了粒径分别为0.1,0.2,0.35,0.5,1,2 m等碎石土隧道能够自稳时的最大跨度,并模拟分析了碎石土隧道塌落量与跨度之间的关系。使用的方法和得出的结论对类似工程有一定的参考意义。     

横向沙丘气流平均速度变化规律的风洞模拟

在沙丘动力系统中,存在沙丘形态、气流、沙粒运移三者之间复杂的相互作用。通过风洞实验的方法,针对不同形态的6组横向沙丘模型,采用粒子图像测速系统,测量了模型沙丘周围气流水平速度和垂直速度的变化规律。实验结果表明,横向沙丘迎风坡水平气流存在1.28～1.89之间的加速率,垂直气流存在上扬趋势,这二者均有随沙丘迎风坡坡度增大而增大的趋势。在横向沙丘背风坡,由于气流的分离,水平气流速度减小并出现反向,其大小约为自由风速的17％;垂直气流速度存在下沉趋势,其最大沉速出现在气流重附点附近;背风坡气流速度的变化受沙丘迎风坡坡度影响较小,受自由风速的影响较大。沙丘对气流速度的改变在近地层较为显著,随着高度的增加地形影响逐渐减小。     

盾构隧道联络通道地震响应规律研究

联络通道与盾构隧道的连接处是隧道抗震的薄弱环节,但目前有关联络通道抗震性能的研究开展得还很少。对于隧道与联络通道连接部位这类典型的空间结构,三维动力有限元分析是最为有效的方法,而其中的人工边界条件和地震动输入方法是实现这一方法的关键技术之一。本文以显式形式将多次透射边界条件引入三维动力分析控制方程,采用分割算法分别求解边界节点和内部节点的响应,然后以对武汉长江隧道工程为背景,利用这种算法研究了隧道与联络通道连接处的地震响应规律,并对采用柔性搭接代替刚性接头和地基加固两种措施的减振效果进行了计算分析。     

Numerical modelling of the transverse dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in clayey soils

In this paper, different approaches aimed at investigating the dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in the transverse direction are presented. The analysed cases refer to a shallow tunnel built in two different clayey deposits. The adopted approaches include 1D numerical analyses performed modelling the soil as a single-phase visco-elastic non-linear medium, the results of which are then used to evaluate the input data for selected analytical solutions proposed in the literature (uncoupled approach), and 2D fully coupled FE simulations adopting visco-elastic and visco-elasto-plastic effective stress models for the soil (coupled approach). The results are proposed in terms of seismic-induced loads in the transverse direction of the tunnel lining. The different constitutive hypotheses adopted in the coupled numerical approach prove to play a significant role on the results. In particular, the plasticity-based analyses indicate that a seismic event can produce a substantial modification of loads acting in the lining, leading to permanent increments of both hoop force and bending moment.     

斜井送排式通风隧道的火灾救援通风研究

公路隧道发生火灾开启横通道后,形成通风网络。本文以重庆地区吕家梁隧道为工程依托,进行了斜井前后不同位置发生火灾的通风网络模拟。结果表明,斜井前发生火灾时,受斜井浮力效应、风流密度变化等的影响,主风机的工作压力降低,而体积流量增加;当火灾发生在斜井前隧道时,采用斜井单抽方式可实现全部火灾烟流从竖井中排除,斜井前设射流风机增压调节、斜井后设射流风机增阻调节是一较好方案;对于斜井后发生火灾,采用全射流火灾通风和斜井压入两种通风方案均能满足火灾风流控制要求,虽然后者需要开启轴流风机,通风能耗大,但火灾通风的时效性要好于前者。