随机振动功率谱复现迭代算法的研究

采用功率谱复现迭代算法,依据系统的频率特性,对驱动信号进行迭代补偿,使得系统的响应谱能够高精度地复现期望谱。基于对影响随机振动功率谱复现精度因素的分析,提出在不同频段采用不同迭代步长的驱动谱迭代算法,给出了算法的程序框图,并通过试验验证了算法的有效性。     

Decadal to millennial-scale periodicities in North Iceland shelf sediments over the last 12 000 cal yr: long-term North Atlantic oceanographic variability and solar forcing

Giant piston core MD99-2269 recovered 25 m of sediment in Hunáfloáall, a deep trough on the North Iceland margin fronting the Iceland Sea, and the site of a shelf sediment drift. The rate of sediment accumulation is 2 m/kyr (5 yr/cm); the core terminated in the Vedde tephra (12 cal ka). The sediment was sampled at between 5 and 50 yr/sample, including rock magnetic, grain-size, and sediment properties. Data reduction was carried out using principal component analysis. Two PC axes for the 5-yr/sample magnetic data are strongly correlated with measures of coercivity (ARM_{20 mT}/ARM) and magnetic concentrations (kARM). In turn ARM_{20 mT}/ARM is highly correlated (negatively) with grain-size and the mean size of the sortable silt fraction. Analyses of the two PC axes with MTM spectral methods indicate a series of significant (>99%) periodicities at millennial to multidecadal scales, including those at 200, 125, and 88 yr which are associated with solar variability. We also document a strong correlation between the sediment magnetic properties and the ∂¹⁸O on benthic foraminifera on the North Iceland inner shelf. We hypothesize that the links between variations in grain-size, magnetic concentrations, and solar forcing are controlled by atmospheric and oceanographic changes linked to changes in the relative advection of Atlantic and polar waters along the North Iceland margin. Today these changes are associated with variations in the deep convection in the Greenland and Iceland Seas. The precise linkages are, however, presently elusive although a combination of coarser sediments and low ∂¹⁸O values define a Holocene thermal maximum between 8 and 6 cal ka.     

On the use of maximum entropy/autoregressive spectrum in harmonic analysis of time series

The maximum entropy (ME) spectrum, or its equivalent form of the autoregressive (AR) spectrum, has been used as a tool for harmonic analysis of time series in geophysics. This paper critically examines its usage in estimating the amplitude and the exponential decay rate of a harmonic function. The argument is based upon Prony's relation, which relates a complex-conjugate pair of poles for the AR model of the time series on one hand, to the complex frequency of one harmonic component in the time series on the other. It is found that: (i) the ME spectrum can be used as an estimator for the decay rate in a way similar to the Fourier spectral analysis; (ii) the ME spectrum contains no information whatsoever about the amplitude, contrary to what has been claimed and practiced in geophysical applications.     

An Incremental Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure Based on Inelastic Spectral Displacements for Multi-Mode Seismic Performance Evaluation

The so-called Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) based on pushover analysis has been developed in the last decade as a practical engineering tool to estimate the inelastic response quantities in the framework of performance-based seismic evaluation of structures. However NSP suffers from a major drawback in that it is restricted with a single-mode response and therefore the procedure can be reliably applied only to the two-dimensional response of low-rise, regular buildings. Recognizing the continuously intensifying use of the pushover-based NSP in the engineering practice, the present paper attempts to develop a new pushover analysis procedure to cater for the multi-mode response in a practical and theoretically consistent manner. The proposed Incremental Response Spectrum Analysis (IRSA) procedure is based on the approximate development of the so-called modal capacity diagrams, which are defined as the backbone curves of the modal hysteresis loops. Modal capacity diagrams are used for the estimation of instantaneous modal inelastic spectral displacements in a piecewise linear process called pushover-history analysis. It is illustrated through an example analysis that the proposed IRSA procedure can estimate with a reasonable accuracy the peak inelastic response quantities of interest, such as story drift ratios and plastic hinge rotations as well as the story shears and overturning moments. A practical version of the procedure is also developed which is based on the code-specified smooth response spectrum and the well-known equal displacement rule. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

非均匀各向异性弹性波场正演

推导了用于非均匀各向异性弹性波场正演的伪谱法基本公式，对特征值法边界修正方程进行了全面的理论推导，给出了二维和三维问题固体，流体的特征变量及各类边界修正方程，选用2个模型，模拟了2．5维弹性波场，对S波分裂的偏振图像和时间延迟作了较详细的分析。     

Expert system for earthquake prediction（ESEP）（2）－Knowledge representation and evidence combination

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Crustal structure of Tushka Region, Abu-Simbel, Egypt, inferred from spectral ratios of P waves of local earthquakes

The crustal structure of North Abu-Simbel area was studied using spectral ratios of short-period P waves. Three-component short period seismograms from the Masmas seismic station of the Egyptian National Seismic Network Stations were used. The Thomson-Haskell matrix formulation was applied for linearly elastic, homogeneous crustal layers. The obtained model suggests that the crust under the study region consists of a thin (0.8 km) superficial top layer with a P-wave velocity of 3.8±0.7 km/s and three distinct layers with a mean P-wave velocity of 6.6 km/s, overlaying the upper mantle with a P-wave velocity of 8.3 km/s (fixed). The results were obtained for 14 different earthquakes. The P-wave velocities of the three layers are: 5.8±0.6 km/s, 6.5±0.4 km/s and 7.2±0.3 km/s. The total depth to the Moho interface is 32±2 km. The crustal velocity model estimated using observations is relatively simple, being characterized by smooth velocity variations through the middle and lower crust and normal crustal thickness. The resultant crustal model is consistent with the model obtained from previous deep seismic soundings along the northern part of Aswan lake zone.     

盖州震群谱振幅相关系数的研究

利用辽宁省数字地震台网记录的波形数据, 计算了2012年盖州青石岭震群和2014年盖州西海域震群的谱振幅相关系数, 结果显示, 盖州青石岭震群谱振幅相关系数为0.72~0.90, 2016年之后稳定在0.75, 相关系数略低, 震源机制解一致性较低; 盖州西海域震群谱振幅相关系数为0.85~0.99, 2015年之后随着震群活动的减弱谱振幅相关系数稳定在0.85, 相关系数较高, 震源机制解一致性较高。 结合盖州地区视应力水平分析认为, 盖州地区谱振幅相关系数的变化与该地区应力水平的变化存在着一定的相关性。     

Pulse-like versus non-pulse-like ground motion records: Spectral shape comparisons and record selection strategies

Pulse-like records are well recognized for their potential to impose higher demands on structures when compared with ordinary records. The increased severity of the structural response usually caused by pulse-like records is commonly attributed to the spectral increment around the pulse period. By comparing the building response to sets of spectrally equivalent pulse-like and ordinary records, we show that there are characteristics of pulse-like records beyond the shape of the acceleration response spectrum that affect the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis. Nevertheless, spectral shape together with the ratio of pulse period to the first-mode structural period, T_p/T₁, are confirmed as “sufficient” predictors for deformation and acceleration response metrics in a building, conditioned on the seismic intensity. Furthermore, the average spectral acceleration over a period range, AvgSA, is shown to incorporate to a good proxy for spectral shape, and together with T_p/T₁, form an efficient and sufficient intensity measure for response prediction to pulse-like ground motions. Following this latter route, we propose a record selection scheme that maintains the consistency of T_p with the hazard of the site but uses AvgSA to account for the response sensitivity to spectral shape.     

长白山天池火山地震波形分析

长白山天池火山是最具潜在喷发危险的火山,地震监测是有效的火山监测手段之一。小波分析是一门新兴学科,被称为“数字显微镜”,它在时频两域具有良好的局部特性。本文对火山区不同种类的地震波形运用小波分析和频谱分析的方法,希望能提取不同类型火山地震的一些频谱特征,确定火山地震的类型。