水在兰州地区红层风化泥岩抗剪强度中的综合效应

水与岩土相互作用是导致岩土抗剪强度降低的主要原因之一,这种宏观表象是地下水与岩土发生了一系列复杂的力学、物理和化学方面相互作用的综合结果。因此,查明水与岩土的相互作用模式是掌握岩土抗剪强度变化机理的关键所在。本文以兰州地区红层风化泥岩为对象,采用直剪试验方法,初步探讨了快剪条件下,孔隙水化学成分及pH改变时,该类风化泥岩抗剪强度的变化特点。结果显示,在快剪条件下,水在该类风化泥岩抗剪强度中的力学效应(孔隙水压力效应)与物理、化学效应同时存在,但力学效应明显强于物理效应和化学效应。地下水物理效应和化学效应的强弱与风化泥岩可溶盐含量及其化学成分、粘粒含量及其矿物成分有关。     

Bi-normalized response spectra and seismic intensity in Bucharest for 1986 and 1990 Vrancea seismic events

The Vrancea subcrustal earthquakes of August 30,1986 and May 30,1990 are the two most recent seismic events that have occurred in Romania with moment magnitudes M W ≥ 6.9.The spectral analysis of the strong ground motions recorded in Bucharest reveals that despite small differences in magnitude between the 1986 and 1990 earthquakes,their frequency contents are very different,sometimes even opposing.The main focus of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the response spectra in terms of the bi-normalized response spectra(BNRS) proposed by Xu and Xie(2004 and 2007) for strong ground motions recorded in Bucharest during these two seismic events.The mean absolute acceleration and relative velocity response spectra for the two earthquakes are discussed and compared.Furthermore,the mean bi-normalized absolute acceleration and normalized relative velocity response spectra with respect to the control period T C are computed for the ground motions recorded in Bucharest in 1986 and 1990.The predominant period T P is also used in this study for the normalization of the spectral period axis.Subsequently,the methodology proposed by Martinez-Perreira and Bommer(1998) is applied in order to estimate the seismic intensity of the two events.The results are discussed and several conclusions regarding the possibility of using the bi-normalized response spectra(BNRS) are given.     

2013 年春季华南师范大学石牌校区大气冷凝水的化学特征与来源

通过人工制冷的方法收集2013 年华南师范大学石牌校区大气冷凝水52 个样品,对其进行pH 值和阴阳离子分析。结果表明：2013 年春季石牌校区绝大多数冷凝水样品的pH 值分布范围为5.00~6.47,平均值为5.97,已不属于酸雨。冷凝水的阴阳离子总质量浓度（TDS）介于57.87~484.38 μeq/L 之间,平均值为154.53 μeq/L;各离子质量浓度高低依次为2-4 SO ＞Ca2+＞ -3 NO ＞Na+＞Cl-＞NO2-＞Mg2+≈K+＞F-。石牌校区冷凝水的这种离子质量浓度分布特征显示：其清洁程度较优于2011 年春季该校区和同期上海大气冷凝水,而较差于云南丽江的大气降水,与广东鹤山和青海瓦里关山等地的大气降水相当。其污染来源除部分属自然源外,还主要与建筑活动、工业生产、汽车尾气等人类活动等有密切关系。     

裂隙岩体爆破破碎阻力特性分析

对裂隙岩体的爆破破碎阻力特性进行了研究，提出了裂隙岩体爆破阻力矢量的概念和研究方法。以单元结构体作为主要研究对象，建立了爆破阻力矢量与岩体实际阻力矢量的关系模型。作为一种研究方法，它对裂隙岩体的爆破破碎的理论研究及施工技术的研究具有一定的实际意义。     

含水层中考虑水—岩间阳离子交换的溶质运移方程

导出了能反映含水层中水—岩间阳离子交换作用的溶质运移方程,并提出了一个新的海水入侵数学模型.模型以交换阳离子Na+和Ca2+作为模拟因子,考虑了海水入侵过程中水—岩间的Na+—Ca2+交换,模型用于模拟山东省龙口市黄河营地区的海水入侵,取得了令人满意的结果,从而证明导出的溶质运移方程是正确的,建立的模型是可靠的.     

Iron oxidation state in lower mantle mineral assemblages: I. Empirical relations derived from high-pressure experiments

The oxidation state of iron can significantly influence the physical and chemical properties of lower mantle minerals. To improve methods for estimation of Fe³⁺/∑Fe, synthetic assemblages of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase were synthesised from oxide starting mixtures in Re or Fe capsules at 26 GPa and 1650-1850 °C using a multianvil press. (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ majorite was also present in some of the run products. Both electron energy loss spectra (EELS) and Mössbauer spectra were measured for each run product, and a robust fitting method was developed for Mössbauer spectra using EELS results as a standard that enabled Fe³⁺/∑Fe of (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite to be determined from Mössbauer spectra of multiphase assemblages. There is a close to linear variation between Fe³⁺/∑Fe and Al concentration in (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite, independent of oxygen fugacity. The concentration of Fe³⁺ in (Mg,Fe)O increases with increasing iron concentration along curves of constant oxygen fugacity, where higher oxygen fugacity stabilises greater Fe³⁺ concentrations. Fe²⁺/Mg partition coefficients calculated from chemical composition data corrected for measured Fe³⁺/∑Fe showed values nearly identical within experimental error for all samples, and independent of Al concentration and oxygen fugacity. Simple empirical relations were derived to calculate Fe³⁺/∑Fe in (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase samples for which no Mössbauer or EELS data were available, and tested by applying them to calculation of Fe²⁺/Mg partition coefficients from literature data for (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O₃ perovskite-(Mg,Fe)O assemblages where only total iron concentrations had been measured. Results showed Fe²⁺/Mg partition coefficients that were equal to existing values within experimental error, hence confirming the validity of the empirical relations.     

An Improved Experimental Calibration of the Olivine-Spinel Geothermometer

The calibration of the olivine-spinel geothermometer by Fabries(1979) is commonly adopted by a number of petrologists.But the temperatures calculated in this way for ultramafic focks are significantly lower than those obtained by the pyroxene geothermometers.These O1-Sp temperatures are also lower than those measured experi-mentally in the natural system (four-phase lherzolite).Different rates of cation diffusion cannot fully account for these differences.The temperature deviation is actually related to the inconsistencies between natural and experimental data which support the calibration .A re-evaluation of the calibration is proposed on the basis of a set of new experimental data.     

两广大陆地区酸雨的时空分布规律和化学特点

自１９８８年１月至１９８９年１２月，建立了一个包括７０个监测点的酸沉降测网，进行了常规的干，湿沉降同步观测，获得了大量的监测数据，结果表明：两广地区大面积出现酸雨，酸雨污染较严重地区是广东省粤北和珠江三角洲及广西的“汀桂走廊”。这些地区经济发展迅速，又是ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ排放量较多的地区。降水酸度季节分布明显，即：春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季。降水中主要离子是Ｃａ＾２＋，ＮＨ＾＋４和ＳＯ＾２－４，化学组成以     

卫星影象上专题类型转绘方法的分析

对资源环境影象信息进行解译，最终要转换为不同类型的线划界线或图纹符号。计算机兼容磁带的图象处理，现在还难以对任何专题类型都能分类和转换成界线。因此，广泛应用的粗制卫星象片作信息解释后，还必须解决类型界线向地理底图正确转绘。本文着重分析按不同精度的影象图上类型界线转换问题。并提出,由于地理底图是经过制图综合的，它的点位精度比纠正后的景象图形精度低，转绘最后步骤应是手工的地理相关转绘。     

广东省丰良地热田高氟地热流体成因及热储温度评价

广东丰顺丰良地区出露的地热水温度高达96℃,热储层为裂隙发育的下侏罗统的英安斑岩,F^-含量较高。但关于其地热流体的补给来源、循环演化过程及热储温度研究较少。笔者等基于早期开展的勘探工作和补充采集、测试的地热水和气体数据,探讨了该地热系统的流体成因及热储温度。结果表明,丰良地区地热水存在2类,A类地热水温度普遍低于40℃,Ca²⁺含量高,Na⁺和K⁺含量低,以HCO^-₃—Ca²⁺型为主;B类地热水Na⁺含量高,Ca²⁺含量低,为HCO^-₃—Na⁺型。A类地下水可能受浅层地下水混入影响,但缺少直接证据。B类地下水由周边山区的大气降水补给,沿裂隙或者断裂系统进入英安斑岩储层,循环深度和水—岩相互作用时间分别可达5200～6300 m和22 ka;储层温度条件下铝硅酸盐矿物的溶解以及阳离子交换作用促进了富N₂、S...