使用有序样品聚类分析法划分东南沿海地震活跃幕

在对东南沿海地震带空间分布的边界重新做界定的基础上,对该带二十世纪以来地震活跃幕的分段进行了探讨。主要使用了有序样品聚类分析中的离差平方和法、最优分割法,再结合地震学应变能释放水平进行划分。并以离差平方和法中的误差函数的参数变化为标准对划分的结果进行了判定及F值检验,认为该带划分成四个活跃幕较为合理。     

The effect of climatic change on southeast Asian geomorphology

There is no evidence that the climatic conditions in southeast Asia during the Neogene differed substantially from the humid tropical and subtropical climates that then characterised large tracts of the globe. Tropical planation surfaces are less extensive than those prevailing, for example, in Africa as a result of tectonism related to plate tectonics. However, during the generally somewhat drier Quaternary period the effects of climatic changes on landform development were rather unique in the southeast Asian region because large areas were under the regime of the monsoonal wind system. The climatic changes thus were not limited to changes in temperature and precipitation but included changes in wind direction. The exposure of extensive shelf areas during the low sea-levels of the Pleistocene glacial stages is another characteristic that added to the area's uniqueness. The Quaternary climatic changes in southeast Asia thus comprise four types of fluctuations: temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and sea-level. Their geomorphological effects are discussed and illustrated by examples. Fluctuations in temperature had a marked effect on landform development, especially in the high mountains. The lowering of the snow- and vegetation lines resulted in glaciation in the highest parts, frost shattering further down and debris formation in the piedmont zone. Fluctuations in precipitation had a marked effect, especially on the landforms of the lower areas, where foot slopes developed under the effect of lateral activity processes in the drier periods, alternating with vertical activity processes during the more humid phases. Many sediment sequences and soil profiles, and in the driest areas even fossil dune fields, bear witness to former drier periods. Fluctuations of sea-level governed coastal evolution during the Pleistocene, when the extensive shelf areas emerged in the glacial periods and a drainage network developed. Coral reef formation in those parts thus was interrupted several times. Long records of sea-level changes are recorded in some raised coral reefs in the island arc zones. Fluctuations of wind patterns also had a pronounced effect on coastal development and coral cays in southeast Asia. This is especially evident from Holocene and recent changes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川东南地区地温场形成的地质背景及温泉形成模式探讨——以四川彭水长溪坝址区温泉为例

根据地层岩性、地质构造、地球物理场等资料对川东南地区地温场形成的地质背景进行了分析,并结合对乌江彭水长溪温泉的综合研究,建立了温泉形成的基本模式。     

Three-dimensional numerical calculations of currents east of Taiwan Island in December 1997

numerical calculationsI~IOXAInong the numerical studies Of the circulation east of Taiwan Island, there were some studies, such as Yuan et al. (1998a, b), Wang et al. (1998). In their work, the Kuroshio east ofTaiwan Island and the currents southeast of Rgukyu-guntO were computed by using three-dimensional diagnOStic, semidiagnostic and prognostic model, respectively, based on the wind and hydrographic data obtained from two cruises, i. e., one cruise during October 1995, and the otherin…     

滇东南地区垂直负荷形变特征研究

针对传统的全球水文同化模型计算陆地垂直负荷形变的不确定度问题,该文采用GPS、GRACE以及GLDAS3种数据对滇东南13个GPS连续站的垂直负荷形变进行了综合的分析。结果表明:GPS垂向形变时间序列中,陆地水负荷形变显著,高值达12 mm,其中GRACE的贡献值为32.1%,GLDAS的贡献值为26.9%;对于初相位而言,GPS、GRACE、GLDAS三者符合得很好;对于振幅而言,GPS与GRACE的振幅较为接近,GLDAS的振幅最小;通过主成分分析方法所获取的GPS共模误差与GRACE的相关性高达0.90。虽然GRACE的空间分辨率较低,但GRACE为连续监测地表垂直负荷形变提供了一种有效和可靠的手段。     

Argo时代东南印度洋上层盐度变化对海平面年代际演变的影响

In the past nearly two decades, the Argo Program has created an unprecedented global observing array with continuous in situ salinity observations, providing opportunities to extend our knowledge on the variability and effects of ocean salinity. In this study, we utilize the Argo data during 2004–2017, together with the satellite observations and a newly released version of ECCO ocean reanalysis, to explore the decadal salinity variability in the Southeast Indian Ocean(SEIO) and its impacts on the regional sea level changes. Both the observations and ECCO reanalysis show that during the Argo era, sea level in the SEIO and the tropical western Pacific experienced a rapid rise in 2005–2013 and a subsequent decline in 2013–2017. Such a decadal phase reversal in sea level could be explained, to a large extent, by the steric sea level variability in the upper 300 m. Argo data further show that, in the SEIO, both the temperature and salinity changes have significant positive contributions to the decadal sea level variations. This is different from much of the Indo-Pacific region, where the halosteric component often has minor or negative contributions to the regional sea level pattern on decadal timescale. The salinity budget analyses based on the ECCO reanalysis indicate that the decadal salinity change in the upper 300 m of SEIO is mainly caused by the horizontal ocean advection. More detailed decomposition reveals that in the SEIO, there exists a strong meridional salinity front between the tropical low-salinity and subtropical high salinity waters. The meridional component of decadal circulation changes will induce strong cross-front salinity exchange and thus the significant regional salinity variations.     

湘东南燕山早期钨锡与铅锌多金属矿床组合形成的构造-岩浆动力学机制

湘东南地区燕山早期与花岗岩体相关的矿床总体可分为中高温的钨锡多金属和中低温的铅锌多金属两类矿床组合。结合岩石大地构造学研究成果和区域构造演化背景,分别对两类矿床组合的温度条件以及矿床、构造、岩浆岩之间的相关性产生的原因进行分析,提出两类矿床组合形成的构造-岩浆动力学机制:①茶郴断裂南东隆起区和断裂北西拗陷区内的局部隆起地带岩石圈厚度较大,由于更强烈的岩石圈拆沉引发更大规模的岩浆活动,形成规模较大的中深成岩体,提供长时间高温条件,造成W、Sn等亲花岗岩元素的高程度、大规模富集,从而导致中高温的钨锡多金属矿床的形成。②茶郴断裂北西拗陷区因岩石圈较薄,岩石圈拆沉及其引起的热扰动作用较弱,产生小规模岩浆活动,因而缺乏W、Sn等元素的大规模富集,而Pb、Zn、Cu等元素则源源不断地运移到地表,加之缺乏长时间高温条件,导致大规模的中低温铅锌多金属矿床的形成,而中高温的钨锡多金属矿床缺乏。上述不同构造背景下的岩浆-成矿过程的差异,导致湘东南钨锡多金属和铅锌多金属两类矿床组合的形成。     

闽东南沿海老红砂的地球化学特征

闽东南沿海老红砂的地球化学分析表明,B、Ga、Sr、Ba、K、Cr、Ni和V等微量元素含量及B/Ga和Sr/Ba比值指示老红砂应为陆相沉积,其磷酸钙组分和古盐度亦指示为陆相。老红砂的化学全量组合特征与花岗岩风化壳相似,但SiO₂含量较花岗岩风化壳大,而Al₂O₃的含量明显少于花岗岩风化壳。从老红砂垂直剖面变化看,其硅铝铁率一般从上往下增加,分解系数(Fe₂O₃/MgO)一般从上往下减少。     

达坂城风力发电厂风的天气气候特征及预报问题研究

对达坂城风力发电厂提供的１９９８年该厂单点风速资料进行统计分析,总结出天气气候特征,并运用天气学方法对其进行研究,找出预报指标,强调了单点风速预报制作过程中的实验问题。     

Salt Marsh Dieback: An overview of recent events in the US

This paper provides an overview of the marsh dieback events that have been observed along the east and gulf coasts of the U.S. over the past decade. It is likely that some of the recently reported changes in marsh vegetation were affected by physical or biotic disturbances that are known to generate bare areas, such as overgrazing or wrack smothering. Other areas may be experiencing a state change such as that caused by long-term changes in sea level. However, sites in many areas are not readily explained by these causes and are considered to have experienced “sudden dieback.” In such cases, there are observations that the above-ground plant material thinned or browned or, in some cases, failed to re-emerge in the spring; the dieback occurred over a period of months and usually affected multiple sites within the area; and there is evidence that these events are transient (through successful transplants or natural regrowth/recovery), although some areas take years to recover. We explored the potential linkage of dieback with drought (as characterized by the Palmer Severity Drought Index), and found that there is evidence for an association in the southeast (GA and SC) and the Gulf (LA), but not in the mid-Atlantic (DE, VA) or northeast (ME, RI, CT). We also review the evidence for potential causes of sudden dieback, including changes in soil chemistry, fungal pathogens, top–down consumer controls, and multiple stressors. There is currently no single explanation that can be applied to recent dieback. We highlight the need for the development of improved diagnostics that will allow us to better classify dieback areas and provide evidence for (or against) potential causes.