山东省飞机增雨天气系统云水资源转化特征分析

利用水汽辐合法和水汽凝结法，对山东省1997－1999年春秋季18个降水过程的水汽辐合率、凝结率及降水效率等表征云水资源及其转化的特征量进行计算。分析了南方气旋、西北冷锋等主要降水天气系统以上特征量的地域分布和差别。可为人工增雨作业区域选择和航线设计提供气候背景。     

GMS—5多通道高温差的高度分布特征

本文从GMS－5红外通道探测原理出发，得到多通道亮温差DT12，DT1W随高度的分布特征，分析结果表明，所得的DT12，DT1W的高度分布特征具有明确的物理意义，它们与局地降雨概率及强度还存在一定的相关关系。     

复杂地质构造波动方程数值模拟

利用全声波方程进行地震波场的数值模拟，虽然可以计算全声波波场值，但是也常常会出现层间多次波，给资料解释造成一定的困难。作者在本文中根据无反射声波方程，采用有限差分数值解法，实现了自激自收时间剖面的制作，避免了层间多次波的产生。本方法不但允许速度有纵向变化，而且允许速度有横向变化，这使得模拟复杂地质构造的地震响应成为可能。实际计算结果表明，该方法是一种行之有效的自激自收时间剖面的计算机数值模拟方法。     

裂隙(EDA)介质P波地震记录数值模拟及波场特征分析

通过对潜山面和内幕EDA介质地面地震记录数值模拟及其波场特征分析,在了解地震波场的动力学特征对裂缝介质的敏感性基础上,确定主要以振幅,其次是频率的地震波动力学特征为裂缝检测被检参数,以均方振幅与中心频率作为检验检测结果正确与否的评价参数,为建立裂缝检测方法奠定了理论基础.     

A FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATED CHANGE DETECTION SYSTEM

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Estimation Of Sensible Heat Flux From The Surface Temperature Wave And One-Time-Of-Day Air Temperature Observation, Part Ii – Heterogeneous Surfaces

By means of the algorithm presented in Part I of this study, the temporal course H(t) and the daily mean H of the sensible heat flux H can be determined from measurements of the thermodynamic surface temperature (as a function of time) and from a one-time-of-day air temperature observation. Inaddition to these temperatures, one needs estimates of daily mean wind speed,of the roughness lengths of momentum and heat transfer, and of the displacementheight. In Part I, the algorithm was derived for areas with homogeneous surfaces,i.e., with uniform surface temperature, and the method was verified with measurements taken during several field campaigns. The root mean square error for the temperature difference between surface and air, in the comparison between measurement and model, amounted to one or two kelvin, and the error of H was 10 to 25 per cent. The method can be used to determine the sensible heat flux from measurements of surface temperatures by satellites, but can also be applied to ground based measurements.In Part II, the procedure is generalized for areas that consist of various surface types (sub-regions) with different surface temperatures, and can be usedwhen only a few (at least one) air temperature measurements per day are available over only one of the different sub-regions. This generalization should allow improvements to the estimates for H(t) by means of temperature measurements from, e.g., NOAA/AVHRR or LANDSAT/TM, taking into account the heterogeneity of the area contained in one METEOSAT pixel. Criteria are given as to whether effective (areal mean) surface temperatures and roughness lengths may be used for the computation of H or if the above mentioned generalized procedure has to be applied. The new algorithm is verified by measurements sampled during the field campaigns EFEDA 91 (Spain) and HIBE 89 (Hildesheimer Börde in Germany), and by using synthetic data (due to the lack of measured data) for one further combined surfacetype [soil and water (lakes)].     

Numerical modeling calculation for the spatial distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions

Introduction There are two kinds of methods for the mathematic study on electro-magnetic induction in geo-field: one is analytic method, such as integral equation method; the other is numerical model-ing method, such as finite difference method and finite element method. The analytic method can only be applied to the conductor with very simple shape, such as sphere, circular cylinder, etc. With the increasing of computing speed and popularity of computer, the numerical modeling methods are use…     

中国三大地带经济增长差异的系统分析

中国的城乡差异是独特的，以人均GDP作为衡量标准来描述区域差异和进行国际比较不甚确切，文章以统计数据为基础 ，在考察了三大地带农民人均纯收入和城市居民可支配收入差异的基础上，对1978-1998年20年间三大地带经济不平衡发展作了系统分析，通过定量计算得结论；三大地带之间的差距虽然明显，但不可怕，造成三大地带经济增长差异的原因，除了历史基础和自然条件以外，首先是投入强度（尤其是人均外商直接投资额），其次是出口能力和经济体制（所有制结构），产业结构和社会文化因素也有一定影响。为缓解三大地带的差距，并保证国家整体经济实力的持续增强，近期的投资重点应放在中部地带，尤其是中部城市。     

环境与发展中的南北关系

在环境与发展的问题上，发达国家与发展中国家之间存在着一种既利益相关又矛盾对立，既有合作又有斗争的相互关系，尤其是围绕温室气体排放和环境贸易问题的合作谈判始终伴随着激烈的南北冲突，作为发展中国家的环境大国，面对环境与发展的国际合作趋势和来自发达国家的挑战，应该采取积极对策，一方面积极开展环境外交，围绕斗争，争取利益，维护主权；另一方面加强环境对策及其理论研究，完善自身环境管理机制，为促进环境与发展的南北合作创造条件。