A simple two-band semi-analytical model for retrieval of specific absorption coefficients in coastal waters

A non-linear iterative method is used to replace the traditional spectral slope technique in initializing the total absorption decomposition model. Based on comparison of absorption coefficient by QAA and two-band semi-analytical model (TSAA) models with field measurements collected from the West Florida Shelf waters and Bohai Sea, it is shown that both models are effective in estimating absorption coefficients from the West Florida Shelf waters, but the TSAA model is superior to the QAA model. Use of the TSAA model in estimating absorption coefficient in the West Florida Shelf and Bohai Sea decreases the uncertainty of estimation by 1.3–74.7% from the QAA model. The TSAA model’s sensitivity to the input parameters was evaluated by varying one parameter and keeping the others fixed at their default values. Our results indicate that the TSAA model has quite a strong noise tolerance to addressing the field data of the total absorption coefficient.     

东昆仑东段纳赤台岩群变沉积岩地球化学特征及构造意义

东昆仑东段出露的下古生界纳赤台岩群为一套变沉积－火山岩系,是该地区早古生代构造演化的重要物质记录。岩石学及地球化学特征表明,纳赤台岩群变沉积岩主要岩石类型有绢云石英片岩、二云石英片岩、长石石英片岩和绿泥绢云片岩,局部夹有少量大理岩、片麻岩和石英岩,其原岩主要为砂岩、杂砂岩及少量泥质岩。岩石具较高的SiO₂(平均为69.82%)、Sr(平均为559.60×10^-6)、Ba(平均为194.68×10^-6)含量,微量元素含量与大陆上地壳丰度很相近,轻重稀土分异明显、轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损、有明显的负Eu异常,反映出源区的物质成分主要为长英质,来源于上地壳,很少有地幔物质的加入。化学蚀变指数为49.70~75.95、成分变异指数为1.32~2.01,表明物源区风化程度较低,处于寒冷、半干旱的气候区,是活动构造带的首次沉积。变沉积岩形成于活动大陆边缘－大陆岛弧环境,与共生的变火山岩地球化学特征所指示的构造环境一致,共同记录了早古生代原特提斯洋向北俯冲导致东昆仑地区拉张形成弧后小洋盆的地质过程,进一步证实东昆南构造带的早古生代板块体制应该属于活动大陆边缘。     

Satellite-tracked drifting buoy observations in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean

Three satellite-tracked drifting buoys released in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean followed the path of the current moving westward approximately zonally in the vicinity of 10 S latitude. On nearing the east coast of Africa two buoys moved north and the third moved south. Over the open sea regime the buoys moved with a speed of approximately 30 cm/s at an angle of about 35° to the left of the wind. The overall tendencies seen in the buoy drift are similar to those observed elsewhere in the world oceans.     

Occurrence and transport of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal waters from South Florida

Irgarol 1051, a boosting antifouling agent often used to supplement copper based paints was found in surface waters from South Florida at stations collected from the Miami River, Biscayne Bay and selected areas of the Florida Keys. Concentrations of the herbicide ranged from below the method detection limit (1 ng/L) to as high as 182 ng/L in a canal system in Key Largo. The herbicide was present at 93% of the stations and often found in conjunction with its descyclopropyl metabolite (M1) previously reported to be the major degradation product of Irgarol under natural environmental conditions. The 90th percentile concentration calculated for all South Florida samples was 57.6 ng/L. Based on available data on the toxicity of Irgarol to algae and coral, only two stations (approximately 3%) ranked above the LC50 of 136 ng/L reported for the marine algae Naviculla pelliculosa and above the 100 ng/L level reported to reversibly inhibit photosynthesis of intact corals. However, a basic dissipation model for Irgarol using the Key Largo Harbor station as a point source indicated that concentrations of the herbicide decreased rapidly and concentrations below the MDL are observed within 2000 m of the source. No major coral based benthic habitats are documented for all the stations surveyed at distances that Irgarol may pose a substantial risk. However, other types of submerged vegetation like seagrasses are common around the marinas and the effects of Irgarol to such endpoints should be investigated further.     

太行山南段铜矿成矿时代厘定及成矿意义

太行山南段井陉-内丘一带是河北省重要的铜矿远景区,区内成矿条件优越。已有研究资料多将该区铜矿类型、成矿条件等与山西中条山铜矿富集区进行类比。由于缺少对铜的成矿时代的精确限定,致使无法对区内铜矿床的形成过程及成因进行较为准确的分析,制约着区域铜矿成因类型对比及找矿勘查工作部署。本文以区内桃园铜矿床及酸枣坪、虎寨口、鹿峪和方垴等四个铜矿化点为研究对象,采用Rb-Sr法测试分析了上述铜矿床及矿化点的矿石硫化物。测试结果显示,桃园铜矿不同硫化物对Rb-Sr等时线年龄在1829.6~1840Ma之间,酸枣坪铜矿点的形成时代为1830.7±5.2Ma,虎寨口铜矿点的形成时代为1844.3±5.9Ma。上述三个铜矿床(点)矿石硫化物Rb-Sr等时线年龄测试结果表明,在古元古代晚期区内有一次较为强烈的铜矿成矿作用,成矿时限在1830~1844Ma之间。而方垴和鹿峪两个铜矿化点矿石硫化物测年结果与上述三个铜矿床(点)形成时间有较大差异,Rb-Sr等时线测年结果分别为1402±23Ma和1376±37Ma,说明在中元古代长城纪末期区内仍有一次铜矿化作用发生。结合华北地台构造演化过程,太行山南段古元古代晚期第一次铜矿化与山西中条山胡-篦型铜矿形成时代接近,铜矿床的形成与吕梁运动关系密切。由于太行山南段铜矿(点)分布区地处陆内构造环境的晋豫裂陷带,而山西中条山铜矿富集区处于秦岭-大别活动带的北缘的"秦岭古洋"壳向华北地台俯冲环境,构造环境差异可能导致两区在铜矿形成潜力及规模上存在一定差异。与区内第一次铜矿化作用相比,发生在中元古代长城纪末期的第二期铜矿化在成矿规模及强度上均较弱,其成矿动力学机制有待进一步分析确定。     

湘南区域地层地球化学特征及其成矿意义

在系统统计湘南地区出露地层各类岩石成矿元素丰度，总体平均含量，浓度克拉克值和叠加强度参数基础上，结合湘南地区成矿特点，分析了Ｗ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｓｂ等元素的成矿作用，初步认为湘南地区仅沉积作用，海底火山作用及热卤水作用难以形成上述元素的大型矿床，但通过沉积改造，热液叠加作用有可能形成层控型铅，锌矿床和锑矿床。     

冀中南平原土壤氟地球化学特征及其控制因素

详细研究了冀中南平原土壤氟的地球化学特征,并探讨其控制因素。冀中南平原整体氟含量较高,且分布不均匀,具有明显分带性,分别出现4个高氟带和4个低氟带。氟在该区的分布明显受自然地理、地质因素和人为因素控制,且以自然地理、地质因素为主。在自然地理、地质因素中地貌起主导作用,而在人为因素中化肥为主导因素。     

准噶尔盆地南缘古牧地背斜多期构造变形特征

古牧地背斜位于博格达山前阜康断裂带的北缘。为探讨博格达山隆升在沉积盆地内的构造响应特征,作者结合野外地表露头观测、地震反射特征和磷灰石裂变径迹分析,认为古牧地背斜垂向上可划分为深浅两大构造层:深层侏罗系西山窑组(J_2x)以下地层具有双重构造的特征,活动时间为150~130和100~80 Ma;浅层侏罗系西山窑组及以上地层具有断层突破型断层传播褶皱的特征,活动时间约为30 Ma。以上研究成果一方面反映出博格达山晚侏罗世以来多期构造活动的特点,另一方面反映古牧地背斜深层双重构造具有形成时间早、埋深相对浅的特点,是准噶尔盆地南缘有利的油气勘探领域。