On the rifting dynamics of plate divergence and magma accumulation at oceanic ridge axes

Rifting dynamics at spreading axes is governed by two processes: the large-scale plate divergence and the local magma accumulation in the crust-mantle transition layer. Both evolve simultaneously. A model is developed particularly for the situation in Iceland where a well studied rifting episode occurred in the Krafla volcanic system 1975–1984. Both the divergence and the buoyant rise of magma create tensile deviatoric stress in the axial region, but while divergence generates an altogether extensional stress field, uprising of buoyant melt produces tension only near the axis but compression of the sides. The buoyant rise is driven by the differential pressure gradient in rock and melt. The processes are studied with a two-dimensional finite-element routine. Presently thermal effects are neglected. The model parameters are density difference, size of the buoyant body, externally applied stress field, mechanical properties of rock and melt. Relatively small amounts of divergence and small increases of buoyancy are shown to generate axial tension which can overcome the tensile strength. Axial tension produced by buoyant bodies can even overcome lateral compression. Observed long intervals of quiescence require either large rock strength, quasi-continuous stress relaxation, small buoyant bodies, and/or a compressive deviatoric stress normal to the axis during much of the time between rifting episodes. Buoyant rise and injection of melt must be important in generating compression.     

Field survey of the 1994 Mindoro Island,Philippines tsunami

This is a report of the field survey of the November 15, 1994 Mindoro Island, Philippines, tsunami generated by an earthquake (M=7.0) with a strike-slip motion. We will report runup heights from 54 locations on Luzon, Mindoro and other smaller islands in the Cape Verde passage between Mindoro and Luzon. Most of the damage was concentrated along the northern coast of Mindoro. Runup height distribution ranged 3–4 m at the most severely damaged areas and 2–4 in neighboring areas. The tsunami-affected area was limited to within 10 km of the epicenter. The largest recorded runup value of 7.3 m was measured on the southwestern coast of Baco Island while a runup of 6.1 m was detected on its northern coastline. The earthquake and tsunami killed 62 people, injured 248 and destroyed 800 houses. As observed in other recent tsunami disasters, most of the casualties were children. Nearly all eyewitnesses interviewed described the first wave as a leading-depression wave. Eyewitnesses reported that the main direction of tsunami propagation was SW in Subaang Bay, SE in Wawa and Calapan, NE on Baco Island and N on Verde Island, suggesting that the tsunami source area was in the southern Pass of Verde Island and that the wave propagated rapidly in all directions. The fault plane extended offshore to the N of Mindoro Island, with its rupture originating S of Verde Island and propagating almost directly south to the inland of Mindoro, thereby accounting for the relatively limited damage area observed on the N of Mindoro.     

典型构造背景应变场特征及其演化趋势

在外力作用下，一定的构造形式周围会产生特定的应变图象。其形态特征在失稳过程中会发生变化。研究应变图象的特征及其变化有助于鉴别失稳前兆，预测变形发展趋势。受构造形式控制，应变场在空间分布上可以划分为若干区域。在变形与失稳过程中，各个区域既有不同的变形行为，也相互影响、相互制约，构成一个紧密联系的动态体系。因此，应当全面观测应变场图象的时间与空间动态演化过程，从中获取失稳前兆，分析失稳机制     

复杂构造应力扰动场与发震构造识别问题的研究

在地震短临阶段异常是由局部断层扩展或弱化引起。实验与数值模拟结果曾得到与之相伴的是平均应力扰动场的四象限分布和最大剪应力扰动场的八瓣式分布。为检验此结果的普适性作了进一步的研究。结果表明不论区域构造及其基本应力场如何复杂，这种四象限分布与八瓣式分布型式不变，这为最终判定失稳区提供了依据。与此同时，在复杂构造情况下这种应力扰动场的畸变也不容忽视     

Preliminary inquiry into the causes of anomaly increase of air temperature by an impending earthquake

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地震系统文献资源的现状及其发展对策

本文概述了地震系统文献资源的现状及其发展对策，内容包括地震文献资源概况、地震文献资源的调查分析、地震系统文献资源建设中存在的主要问题以及地震文献资源建设发展对策。     

ANALYSIS OF SPHERICAL FUNCTION SPECTRAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE 500 HPA MONTHLY MEAN HEIGHT*

Study is undertaken of spherical function spectral structures of long-term mean and anomaly patterns of the Northern Hemisphere 500 hPa monthly mean geopotential height together with the seasonal and interannual variations investigated.Results show that they are marked by low dimensions and low orders,and the mean and anomaly fields can be described in terms of 20 and 50 spherical function components,respectively.     

论γ射线的点放射源和非点放射源的辐射研究

本文讨论点放射源和非点放射源的辐射，为简化理论模型，暂不考虑二次γ射线，只讨论点源和线源和柱状源的辐射，本文的讨论有助于工业ＣＴ的设计及系统的优化。     

Field verification of a theoretical model to predict the dynamic response of a soft clay deposit

A 40-m thick clay deposit was subjected to sinusoidal excitations using a foundation block and an eccentric mass type vibrator. The response of the foundation block and the surrounding soil was measured using geophones inside the soil and on the surface. The phase shift between the excitation signal and the response signal, the accelerations of the foundation block and the particle velocities in the soil are compared with those obtained from a frequency-dependent numerical model based on the exact analytical solution for the boundary value problem of a rectangular foundation resting on a linear elastic halfspace.     

闽台铲状活动断裂

福建台湾大型铲状活动断裂系在深部(深5—100km)构成一系列向东倾斜、倾角为4°—10°的滑脱面,在近地表利用老断层的重新活动,形成NNE与NW向网格交叉的高角度断层。活动断裂系的地震能量释放主要集中在台湾东部。推断现代构造应力场的最大主压应力方向是NW—SE向,缓倾斜、向西撒开呈扇状特征。断裂系中各断裂的滑动速率不同,东大西小。