川西北地区马脑壳金矿床的成矿年代学

沉积容岩微细浸染型（ＳＨＤＧ）金矿床（或称卡林型金矿床）,广泛分布于各大洲的许多古代和现代的地体（地块）周边,如美国的大盆及中国的黔西南和川西北的金矿床,是经济上非常重要的一种金矿类型。关于ＳＨＤＧ金矿床物质来源和成因一直存在着较大的争议,目前存在三...     

武定地震序列的震源参数与频率特征

利用武定地震序列数字化记录地震图资料研究了直接用速度谱和位移谱测定地震矩的方法,结果给出前者的误差比后者小５０％,两者无系统差。对序列地震震源参数的研究结果给出,地震矩Ｍ０在１０１２～１０１６（Ｎ·ｍ）之间,震源破裂半径ａ在１００～３５０ｍ范围,震源距ｒ或震级ＭＬ与近场波谱拐角频率ｆ０相关性不明显,序列地震应力降Δσ多数在１０～８０ＭＰａ的范围,表明武定地震序列是在高应力背景下发生的爆发性地震群。     

多波束条带测深仪的动态测量误差评估

对于近年发展起来的多波束条带测深仪,其动态测量误差的评估是一项尚未完善解决的课题。本文提出了一种多波束条带测深仪动态测量误差的评估方法,并用海试结果证明了该方法的实用有效性。该方法可以推广应用到其它多波束测量声呐系统的动态测量误差分析与估计中。     

冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物物源判识及定量估算

海洋沉积物的物质来源的定量、半定量研究,是海洋沉积学的重要课题之一,也是难题之一。本文是从沉积物不同成因组分的含量入手,研究冲绳海中段表层沉积物物质来源的一种尝试。首先介绍了常规法（即镜下鉴定和统计）和碳稳定同位素示踪法的基本途径和计算模式,并对两种方法进行了对比和评价。其次,根据沉积物的具体情况,选择比较合适的方法,定量估算了各站各成因组分的含量。最后根据估算结果,编绘了主要成因组分含量的分布图。     

基于GIS/RS的洪湖东分洪区洪水风险制图

本文计算了洪湖东分洪区洪灾损失.洪水风险带以模拟的洪水淹没深度表示.这是洪水风险综合评价模型的基础.本项研究基于GIS为基础的水动力模型计算洪水淹没深度;并以GIS/RS为基础建立了单位洪水风险评价模型,计算不同洪水风险带的直接损失.研究表明,综合洪水风险评价模型在长江流域应用是可行的.     

海面水包油乳化液溢油量等效估算方法研究

激光诱导荧光(LIF)是一种主动光学探测技术,该技术已在海面未乳化溢油油种鉴别及油膜厚度评估方面取得了一定的研究成果,但乳化溢油的监测理论基础和探测方法尚未成熟。溢油乳化物的量化会直接影响溢油污染的应急处理和灾害评估,但目前对溢油乳化液溢油量的计算尚未有研究报道。本文以水包油乳化液为研究对象,基于等效思想,根据油量相等建立了水包油乳化液与油膜的荧光检测等效模型,并依据光的辐射传输机理推导出等效油膜厚度的估算公式,最后采用仿真实例对估算方法的适用性和有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明,当水包油乳化液含油率小于12×10^-6,厚度小于5.98 cm时,利用所提出的等效方法能有效计算出水包油实际溢油厚度。该方法可为海面乳化溢油量的估算提供一种创新性的方法,具有良好的借鉴意义和实际应用价值。     

Tracing sediment transport history using mineralogical fingerprinting in a river basin with dams utilizing sediment sluicing

Sediment causes a serious problem in relation to dam function. A cooperative sediment sluicing operation has been under way since 2017 to prevent sediment from accumulating in dams in the Mimi River,Miyazaki, Japan. To achieve a smooth and stable operation, it is very important to determine the sediment source and a sediment transport system to maintain the dam’s function. In the current study, the source and transport of sediment from the Mimi River basin have been analyzed with X-ray diffracti...     

Pattern of spatial variability in granulometric and mineralogical characteristics across an ecologically sensitive sub-tropical wetland (Bihar,India)

Floodplain wetlands are dynamic systems undergoing frequent hydro-sedimentological changes. Tropical/subtropical wetlands have even more pronounced climatic and biological influences on the sediment dynamics. In the current study, a protected subtropical wetland in Bihar(India) has been assessed for its sedimentary and mineralogical status. Sediment characteristics and associated granulometric parameters are discussed to highlight the wetland’s hydrogeomorphic character, energy dimension, and th...     

Effect of viscous,viscoplastic and friction damping on the response of seismic isolated structures

In this paper the efficiency of various dissipative mechanisms to protect structures from pulse‐type and near‐source ground motions is examined. Physically realizable cycloidal pulses are introduced, and their resemblance to recorded near‐source ground motions is illustrated. The study uncovers the coherent component of some near‐source acceleration records, and the shaking potential of these records is examined. It is found that the response of structures with relatively low isolation periods is substantially affected by the high‐frequency fluctuations that override the long duration pulse. Therefore, the concept of seismic isolation is beneficial even for motions that contain a long duration pulse which generates most of the unusually large recorded displacements and velocities. Dissipation forces of the plastic (friction) type are very efficient in reducing displacement demands although occasionally they are responsible for substantial permanent displacements. It is found that the benefits by hysteretic dissipation are nearly indifferent to the level of the yield displacement of the hysteretic mechanism and that they depend primarily on the level of the plastic (friction) force. The study concludes that a combination of relatively low friction and viscous forces is attractive since base displacements are substantially reduced without appreciably increasing base shears and superstructure accelerations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中小地震震源参数的求解及其相似关系

根据广东数字地震台网记录的区域性地震记录,利用遗传算法采用由"三段几何衰减模型"拟合得到的广东地区的衰减模型,得到广东地区Q值与频率的关系(Q(f)=454 8f0 37),由此衰减模型反演得到各台站的场地响应,最终得到72个中小地震的震源参数;并研究了广东地区震源参数的特征及其相似关系。这些地震的地震矩在1012N·m与1014N·m之间,求出与地方震震级之间的相似关系;该地区中小地震的应力降在0 02到3 2MPa之间,未显示与地震的规模(地震矩)有明显的依赖关系。