Experimental investigation of the effect of grading characteristics on the liquefaction resistance of various graded sands

The liquefaction susceptibility of various graded fine to medium saturated sands are evaluated by stress controlled cyclic triaxial laboratory tests. Cyclic triaxial tests are performed on reconstituted specimens having global relative density of 60%. In all cyclic triaxial tests; loading pattern is selected as a sinusoidal wave form with 1.0 Hz frequency, and effective consolidation pressure is chosen to be 100 kPa. Liquefaction resistance is defined as the required cyclic stress ratio which caused initial liquefaction in 10 cycles during the cyclic triaxial test. The results are used to draw relationship between grading characteristics (e.g. coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature) and the liquefaction resistance of various graded sands. It is found that a relationship between cyclic resistance and any of the size (i.e. D₁₀, D₃₀ or D₆₀) would be more realistic than to build a relation between grading characteristics and the cyclic resistance.     

宽带横电磁波小室设计与测试应用

本文提出了一种符合IEC标准的横电磁波（TEM）小室,用于集成电路的电磁兼容测试.该TEM小室可在0~3 GHz内实现反射系数小于-12 dB,传输系数优于-2.5 dB.本文采用三维电磁仿真软件（Computer Simulation Technology,CST）对TEM小室的阻抗、S参数、场均匀性以及被测物（EUT）对场的影响进行仿真设计,加工实测并与商业产品进行了对比.最后,参考了IEC标准制作了电磁兼容测试板,并以TEM小室对集成电路（IC）芯片的辐射发射进行测量,分析测量结果有助于改善集成电路电磁兼容性.     

On the influence of the grain size distribution curve on P-wave velocity,constrained elastic modulus Mmax and Poisson's ratio of quartz sands

The paper presents an experimental study on the influence of the grain size distribution curve on dynamic soil properties. More than 160 resonant column tests with additional P-wave measurements have been performed on 27 different grain size distribution curves of a quartz sand. While the small-strain shear modulus G_max has been discussed by Wichtmann and Triantafyllidis [1] the present paper focusses on P-wave velocity v_P, on the small-strain constrained elastic modulus M_max and on Poisson's ratio ν$\nu$. It is demonstrated that while v_P and M_max do not significantly depend on mean grain size d₅₀ in the investigated range, they decrease with increasing coefficient of uniformity C_u=d₆₀/d₁₀ of the grain size distribution curve. Poisson's ratio does also not depend on d₅₀ but increases with increasing C_u. An empirical formula similar to Hardin's equation has been developed for M_max, considering the influence of the grain size distribution curve. It predicts quite well the experimental data.     

山地温性积雪内液体水含量的测定方法

通过在北欧ＡｕｓｔｒｅＯｋｓｔｉｎｄｂｒｅｅｎ冰川积雪内的实际测定结果,证明野外测量积雪内液体水含量的新方法－酒精量热法是可行和适用的,解决了过去测定积雪内液体水含量时遇到困难。５个雪坑剖面的测定结果清楚地显示雪内液体水含量的区带性和随高度的变化,积雪内液体水含量的垂直变化与雪层中物理结构,温度和密度的分布有关。     

Portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of rainfall-runoff,and transport of sediment and pollutants

A low-cost, simple to use portable rainfall simulator is developed for use over a 5 m^2 plot. The simulator is easy to transport and assemble in the field, thereby allowing for necessary experimental replicates to be done. It provides rainfall intensities of between 20 and 100 mm/h by changing the number and type of silicon nozzles used. The Christiansen coefficient of uniformities obtained in the field are appropriate and vary from 79 to 94% for rainfall intensities ranging from 30 to 70 mm/h. In addition, the median volumetric drop diameters measured for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are in the lower range of that of natural rainfall and equal to 1.10 ± 0.08,1.69 ± 0.21, and 1.66 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The velocities of the raindrops with diameters less than 1.2 mm reached terminal velocities, while raindrops less than 2.0 mm achieved velocities reasonably close to the terminal velocity of natural rainfall. Furthermore,the average time-specific kinetic energy(KET) for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are 257.7,760.1, and 1645.2 J/m^2/h, respectively accounting for about 78.0 and 86.5% of the KET of natural rainfall for50 and 70 mm/h rainfall intensity, respectively. The applicability of the portable rainfall simulator for herbicide transport study is investigated using two herbicides(atrazine and metolachlor); herbicide losses in runoff and sediment samples are in the ranges reported in the literature. As a percentage of the amount of herbicide applied, 5.29% of atrazine and 2.15% of metolachlor are lost due to combined water and sediment runoff. The results show that the portable rainfall simulator can be effectively used in studying processes such as pesticide runoff, infiltration mechanisms, and sediment generation and transport at a field plot scale with an emphasis on how surface characteristics such as slope and soil properties affect these processes.     

Modelling hydrological conditions in the maritime forest region of south‐western Nova Scotia

Hydrological processes and conditions were quantified for the Mersey River Basin (two basins: one exiting below Mill Falls, and one exiting below George Lake), the Roger's Brook Basin, Moosepit Brook, and for other selected locations at and near Kejimkujik National Park in Nova Scotia, Canada, from 1967 to 1990. Addressed variables included precipitation (rain, snow, fog), air temperature, stream discharge, snowpack accumulations, throughfall, soil and subsoil moisture, soil temperature and soil frost, at a monthly resolution. It was found that monthly per hectare stream discharge was essentially independent of catchment area from <20 km² to more than 1000 km². The forest hydrology model ForHyM2 was used to simulate monthly rates of stream discharge, throughfall and snowpack water equivalents for mature forest conditions. These simulations were in good agreement with the historical records once the contributions of fog and mist to the area‐wide water budget were taken into account, each on a monthly basis. The resulting simulations establish a hydrologically consistent, continuous, comprehensive and partially verified record for basin‐wide outcomes for all major hydrological processes and conditions, be these related to stream discharge, soil moisture, soil temperature, snowpack accumulations, soil frost, throughfall, interception and soil percolation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿化学成分标准物质研制

当前我国尚无菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、高品位碲金矿化学成分标准物质,国外相应标准样品存在定值元素少,且主成分含量不成系列,不能满足地质行业对菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿标准物质的迫切需求。该文研制了菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿化学成分标准物质共12个,将采自典型矿区的样品按照常规球磨方式粉碎混匀,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行均匀性和稳定性检验,选择11家有资质的实验室,采取经典分析方法与现代仪器分析方法相结合的方式,选用2种以上不同原理的准确度高的可靠方法对该标准物质联合定值,依照JJF 1343—2012和一级标准物质技术规范,12个化学成分标准物质给出了30项主、微量元素的认定值和不确定度。其中,菱镁矿Mg O的含量范围为43.64%~81.26%,蛇纹岩Mg O的含量范围为23.73%~43.09%,高品位碲金矿Au的含量范围为19.6×10~(-6)~32.1×10~(-6)、Te的含量范围为51×10~(-6)~83×10~(-6),基本涵盖我国菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、高品位碲金矿的矿物类型,能够满足菱镁矿、蛇纹岩、碲金矿勘查、评价和开发的需求。     

东南极内陆地区和乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川表层雪内NO^—3沉积后过程差异

酸性气体成分（如ＮＯ－３）的强挥发性导致其在雪面沉降后,具有沉积后气／雪交换作用,即其在表层雪内是“可逆”沉降的。通过比较东南极内陆雪坑的ＮＯ－３剖面和乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川表层雪内ＮＯ－３的浓度变化,认为沉积后气／雪交换作用在东南极内陆较显著,而在乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川则不然。表层雪内ＮＯ－３存在方式的不同和沉降机制的差异应是导致两地ＮＯ－３沉积后过程差异的原因所在。     

我国经济社会统计数据空间均匀程度分析

在经济社会数据应用中,以行政单元为空间统计对象的数据仍是目前最常用的数据.经济社会统计数据表示的是统计对象在空间区域上的一种平均状况.由于我国同级别行政区域的面积大小差别很大,统计区域内部差异也很明显,这导致同级别行政单元上的统计数据表现出的区域内部空间分布的真实性有很大差异,即数据表现出来的空间均匀程度有很大差异.这里以经济社会统计数据空间离散化分析为基础,利用GIS软件空间分析方法计算部分经济社会统计指标在不同省级行政单元上表现出来的空间均匀程度,用以说明不同经济社会统计指标表现出来的区域真实性,为相应数据的应用提供空间标尺参考.     

利用NOAA／AVHRR影像资料估算积雪量的方法探讨

结合实际考察的各种资料数据,在我们以往研究的理论技术、估算用数学模型和应用程序的基础上,提出和论述了估算航卫遥感影像信息中积雪量的整套计算机分析流程和处理新方法,并在技术措施和适用性上,进一步进行了验证、增补和修改。在时间上对不同年份而在同一季节时期局部地区的遥感积雪资料进行相对量的结果分析和比较,给出了一些实际数据图表。