鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组一段湖相浊积岩特征及意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系延长组一段湖相浊积岩主要分布于子长县寺湾和横山县庙沟等地区,位于长一段上部。岩石类型包括:块状砂岩,近基的中细粒砂岩,远基的粉砂岩及细砂岩,不规则砂、泥岩互层和深湖相泥岩。据岩石组合类型将该浊积扇划分为上扇和中扇,其沉积序列为向上粒度变粗、砂层变厚的进积型浊积扇沉积序列。根据底部印模构造指向,物源区大致位于研究区的北东。本文总结了浊积扇的演化,探讨了该浊积扇的发现对于认识区域构造背景及油气勘探的意义。     

Evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the Late Quaternary: influence of climate change on fan sedimentation

This paper presents an overview of the evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the last 200 kyr, over a series of glacial to interglacial cycles. Six individual deep‐sea fans were identified from an extensive field data set. Each fan comprises a canyon, channel system and terminal lobes. Two of these fan systems were possibly active at the same time, at least during some periods. Large‐scale slope failures destroyed channel segments and caused the formation of new submarine fan systems. These slope failures thus played an important role in the overall evolution of the turbidite system. During the last glacial maximum (ca 25 to 14·8 ka) the central and eastern parts of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system were relatively inactive. This inactivity corresponds to a lowstand in sea‐level, and a period of arid climate and relatively low sediment discharge from the Nile fluvial system. Rapid accumulation of fluvial flood‐derived deposits occurred across the shallower part of the submarine delta during sea‐level rise between ca 14·8 and 5 ka. The most recent deep‐sea channel–lobe system was very active during this period of rising sea‐level, which is also associated with a wetter continental climate and increased sediment and water discharge from the Nile. Increased sediment deposition in shallower water areas led to occasional large‐scale slope failure. The Nile deep‐sea turbidite system was largely inactive after ca 5 ka. This widespread inactivity is due to retreat of the coastline away from the continental shelf break, and to a more arid continental climate and reduced discharge of sediment from the Nile. The Nile deep‐sea turbidite system may be more active during periods of rising and high sea‐level associated with wetter climates, than during lowstands, and may rapidly become largely inactive during highstands in sea‐level coupled with arid periods. These acute responses to climate change have produced sedimentary/stratigraphic features that diverge from traditional sequence models in their nature and timing. This large‐scale sedimentary system responded to monsoon‐driven climate change and sea‐level change in a system‐wide and contemporaneous manner.     

重矿物分析识别浊积体的沉积作用——日本中部Niigata弧后含油盆地新第三纪

沉积于中中新世到上新世的浊积砂体是第三纪Ｎｉｉｇａｔａ弧后盆地的主要油气储层之一,该盆地是日本列岛最富产石油的盆地。我们对这些浊积体的重矿物进行了详细和系统地分析,首先,作者展示了将重矿物分析和沉积作用分析相结合,从而得出有关沉积过程的全新观点的实例,沿着位于盆地东缘的世早期的浊积砂岩体的垂向和横向取样分析表明,砂全东半部重矿物的成分和西半部重矿物的成分不同。重矿物和沉积分析结果表明,发育在东半部的浅海陆架浊积砂岩和发育在西半部的深海水下浊积全在上新世早期是相互叠置的。其次,作者检验了用重矿物成分作为指标来表征某个特定浊积体的有效性,为此目的选重位于Ｎｉｉｇａｔａ盆地中部的许多浊积砂岩分析研究,得出以下结论。（１）基于主要重的,比如蛋白石、普通角闪石、紫苏辉石和普通辉石的定量综合分析,至少可将研究区的浊砂岩划分     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组湖相重力流沉积细粒岩及其油气地质意义

随着页岩油气勘探开发和相关领域研究的不断深入,细粒沉积物的搬运和沉积已成为当前沉积学研究的热点问题之一,但中国中生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起应有的关注。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定等手段及综合研究,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖相泥质重力流沉积特征,探讨了其形成机制与成因分类。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖相泥页岩结构类型多样,发育泥质块体流沉积、泥质碎屑流沉积、泥质浊流沉积和泥质异重流沉积等多种重力流沉积类型。按照泥质含量将重力流划分为砂质重力流、泥质重力流和混合重力流3种亚类,并根据成因将重力流划分为滑塌体、碎屑流、浊流及异重流等4种亚类;结合成因和泥质含量,将重力流沉积共划分为12种类型。滑塌岩、碎屑岩分布于三角洲前缘斜坡脚附近;浊积岩、异重岩广泛分布于三角洲斜坡至沉积中心。认为泥质沉积物可以在强水动力条件下搬运-沉积;重力流沉积细粒物质在湖相沉积中占据很大的比例;泥质重力流对泥页岩中的碎屑物质、黏土矿物及有机质的搬运和沉积起到重要作用,因而对于页岩油气的生烃、储集性能和压裂工艺研究具有重要意义。     

浊流及相关重力流沉积研究综述

本文首先介绍了浊流及相关重力流的有关概念,并对浊流沉积研究历史进行了简要回顾,概括了当前浊流沉积的研究现状;随后,总结了浊积岩的沉积特征并对其成因进行了扼要解释;最后,对浊流及相关重力流沉积研究中两个有争议的问题－浊积相的划分和浊积相模式的建立进行了探讨。     

Characteristics and evolution of lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7Member of Yanchang Formation in northern Shaanxi

Lacustrine turbidite of Chang-7 Member in the studied area consists of siltstone and fine sandstone with respect to grain size, which is feldspathic lithic sandstone, syrosem arkose and arkose with respect to mineral constitution affected by provenance. There are such apparent signatures as lithology, sedimentary structure, sedimentary sequence and well logs, to recognize turbidite. During the paleogeographic evolution of Chang-7 Member, lake basin and deep lake are both at their maximum extent during Chang-73 stage, resulting in the deposition of Zhangjiatan shale with widespread extent and of turbidite with fragmental-like. Deep lake line is gradually moving toward lake center and turbidite sand bodies are gradually turning better with better lateral continuity, connectivity and more thickness, from stages of Chang-73, Chang-72 and Chang-71 , which can be favorable reservoir in deep-water.     

Mélanges and other types of block-in-matrix formations in the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan Orogen,northwest Spain): origin and significance

Block-in-matrix formations in the Variscan foreland of Spain (Cantabrian Zone) occur in two different geological settings. The major block-in-matrix formations are mélanges, which appear as carpets beneath or ahead of submarine thrust systems. These mélanges may reach up to kilometric thickness and are mostly composed of broken formations (boudinaged sequences) of late Carboniferous age and scattered ‘exotic’ blocks derived from older Palaeozoic formations. Moreover, the mélanges in the Cantabrian Zone also include subordinate debris flow deposits with a chaotic block-in-matrix fabric (olistostromes). The source of the mélange blocks was the front of advancing nappes, chiefly the upper part of the nappe stacks. Therefore, the Cantabrian mélanges are interpreted as originated through submarine sliding and slumping associated with steep slopes at the orogenic front. The different types of rock bodies of these mélanges may be related to the degree of lithification of the sediments or rocks during slumping. So, broken formations are boudinaged sequences where the boudins or blocks resulted from extensional faults developed in lithified or semilithified limestones and sandstones, whereas the unlithified muddy matrix underwent continuous deformation. The scattered ‘exotic’ blocks ranging in age from early Cambrian to early Carboniferous were incorporated into the mélanges as individual blocks from competent well-lithified formations, originally located in the lower part of the nappe stacks. Although the Cantabrian Zone mélanges include olistostromic intervals, most of the olistostromes of this zone occur in a different geological setting. They are usually intercalated in the normal marine deposits of the Variscan foreland basin and, in contrast to the mélanges, they are mostly related to the margins of carbonate platforms, ahead of moving nappes. Finally, other instances of olistostromes are related to slopes generated by limb rotation of growth folds, which developed on submarine wedge-top successions.     

江西修水县西北部九岭群大坑组的地层层序与沉积古地理

江西修水县西北部元古代九岭群大坑组露头较好，各种原生沉积构造及次生变形构造发育．运用地层学、沉积学与构造地质学相结合的方法建立了其地层层序，探讨了其变质变形特征、沉积古地理与构造古地理．根据大坑组的岩石学特征、沉积相及岩石地球化学特征，推测其为活动大陆边缘弧后盆地浊积扇沉积的产物     

基于地震沉积学方法的湖相浊积砂体识别——以东营凹陷牛20区块沙三中亚段为例

湖相浊积岩体积小、粒度细、单层厚度薄、相变快,受上覆三角洲前缘厚层砂体的屏蔽作用、沉积规律以及现有地震资料分辨率的影响,湖相浊积砂体的地震预测技术一直难有突破。以东营凹陷牛20区块为例,利用地震沉积学方法和技术,将沉积模式与地震反射特征、时频分析技术相结合,以井点为约束,通过识别前积界面,建立了等时层序地层格架;提高地震资料的分辨率和实现地震相位具有岩性地层意义是识别和预测湖相浊积砂体的关键。在等时界面控制下,通过正演模拟方法,认为混合相位子波拓频技术和分频技术相结合可以有效提高地震资料的主频与分辨率,采用90°相位转换可以将反射波瓣提到地层的中心,实现地震相位的岩性地层意义,最终将地层切片与地震属性相结合实现了浊积砂体的有效识别和预测。