湖南土地资源可持续利用的生态安全评价

生态安全是土地可持续利用的基础，土地生态安全评价是土地可持续利用研究的前沿课题。以湖南省14个地州市为样本，从1999年社会经济和土地生态环境压力、土地生态环境质量、土地生态环境保护和整治能力等方面的运行数据中选取人口密度、城镇化水平、人均耕地等24个指标，采用均方差客观赋权，从各指标的统计特征值及全国的平均值出发，确定本省的生态安全评价阈值S，计算各地市多指标加权综合评价值，试图对本省土地生态安全进行客观综合评价。     

辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性功能评价

在辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性调查的基础上,对辽河三角洲生物多样性进行评价,主要包括物种多样性和生态系统多样性。按照生物多样性评价标准,辽河三角洲湿地生物多样性处于一般水平,需要加大湿地生物多样性的保护力度。     

矿山环境地质问题综合评价指标体系

本指标体系把矿山环境地质问题归为三大类23项指标,提出以指标指数作为划分环境地质问题危害程度等级的依据,给出2类指标评价指数的计算方法,以及各指标相应的权重。在此基础上,用模糊数学综合评判法评定矿山环境地质问题的历史、现状及其发展趋势的影响程度。在考虑矿山区位条件和恢复治理难度的基础上,最终给出矿山环境地质问题的综合评价等级,该等级也同时反映了矿山地质环境恢复治理的优先顺序。     

DRASTIC模型在地下水水源地安全性评价中的应用

地下水水源地是当今社会经济发展和生活的主要水源,水源地安全性评价具有十分重要的意义。DRASTIC法是国际上关于水源地脆弱性评价较为成功的一种方法,它较全面地考虑了与水源地脆弱性有关的各种因素,但鉴于水源地水文地质条件复杂程度、研究精度不一,评价结果往往与实际不符,对水源地安全性评价因子的选取和赋予的内涵上应因地而异。该文依托山东省主要城市饮用水安全保证调查评价项目,在DRASTIC法研究的基础上,将评价因子赋予新的内涵,使之更加符合山东省水源地的实际,并对城市地下饮用水水源地安全性作出评价。     

RELAXING ASSUMPTIONS OF PERFECT INFORMATION IN PARK VISITATION MODELS*

Variables related to urban park awareness are identified and methods for relaxing assumptions of perfect information in park use models are discussed. Park awareness is related to park characteristics (age and degree of development of the park), population characteristics (race, age, length of residence, recreation participation), and distance. Park attributes are stronger predictors of both park awareness and use than is distance. These findings parallel similar research on the cognitive aspects of shopping decisions.     

Storm‐event rainfall–runoff modelling approach for ungauged sites in Taiwan

This work develops a top‐down modelling approach for storm‐event rainfall–runoff model calibration at unmeasured sites in Taiwan. Twenty‐six storm events occurring in seven sub‐catchments in the Kao‐Ping River provided the analytical data set. Regional formulas for three important features of a streamflow hydrograph, i.e. time to peak, peak flow, and total runoff volume, were developed via the characteristics of storm event and catchment using multivariate regression analysis. Validation of the regional formulas demonstrates that they reasonably predict the three features of a streamflow hydrograph at ungauged sites. All of the sub‐catchments in the study area were then adopted as ungauged areas, and the three streamflow hydrograph features were calculated by the regional formulas and substituted into the fuzzy multi‐objective function for rainfall–runoff model calibration. Calibration results show that the proposed approach can effectively simulate the streamflow hydrographs at the ungauged sites. The simulated hydrographs more closely resemble observed hydrographs than hydrographs synthesized using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) dimensionless unit hydrograph method, a conventional method for hydrograph estimation at ungauged sites in Taiwan. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国水资源承载力研究现状及展望

概要说明了我国水资源承载力的研究现状,阐述了水资源承载力的概念、内涵及影响因素,探讨了目前几种常用的水资源承载力评价方法,并对当前研究中存在的问题进行了初步分析,进而提出了我国水资源承载力的研究趋势。     

高校测绘工程专业“测量仪器学”课程的改革与实践

针对测量仪器不断发展和革新的实际情况,总结了近5年来"测量仪器学"课程开设的效果和社会评价。基于测量仪器已全面进入电子智能时代,提出了针对理论和实践两个方面教学内容的改革,改进得到了优化新颖的教学方法,对于课程考核提出了合理的评判方法,并对课程配套相关条件提出了合理的建议,最后对改革后的课程教学效果进行了论述和分析。     

Investigation of a landslide in the new site of Badong County by integrated geophysical survey

An integrated geophysical survey which combines vertical seismic profile method, shallow reflection seismic method, electric sounding, soil temperature measurement and radioactive gas measurement was used to investigate Zhaoshuling landslide in the new site of Badong County and to assess the stability of the landslide. By rational use of these methods together with borehole geological profile and other geological information, the spatial distribution of the landslide body, the formations and structures within and without the landslide body were determined and the stability of the landslide was also assessed, thus making great contribution to the successful and rational investigation and assessment of the landslide.