一种修正的Drucker-Prager屈服准则

Drucker-Prager（以下简称D-P）屈服准则因其形式简单、物理意义明确而得到广泛的应用,然而经过多年的应用和研究,其缺点逐渐显现出来,如拉剪区偏大、不具有应力角效应等,针对这些不足,提出了修正的D-P屈服准则。在拉剪区用圆球面和横截面的组合方式代替原来的圆锥面,从而不改变D-P屈服准则压剪区的形式,在考虑岩石实际的拉伸强度的同时,也满足该屈服准则经过单轴抗拉强度点的条件;为考虑岩石在三轴压缩和三轴拉伸状态下不同的强度特性,即应力角效应,引入了一种角隅模型;为保证屈服准则始终通过岩石的单轴抗压强度点,建议了一种材料参数k值的取值方法。为验证屈服准则修正后的适用性和正确性,将修正屈服准则与真三轴试验结果进行了拟合,同时与Mohr-Coulomb（以下简称M-C）准则进行对比,结果表明,修正屈服准则可以很好地描述试验现象,且比M-C准则更接近真实结果。     

Stability analysis of tunnels driven in jointed rocks by means of a homogenized limit analysis approach

Conceived as a potential alternative to the classical design methods employed for analyzing the stability of underground structures driven in jointed rocks, the homogenization approach stems from the heuristic idea that, from a macroscopic point of view, a rock mass cut by a network of joints may be perceived as a homogenized continuum. The strength properties of the latter can be theoretically obtained from the failure conditions of its individual constituents: rock matrix and joint interfaces. At the material level, the limit analysis reasoning is used in the context of homogenization to formulate the homogenized strength criterion of a jointed rock mass in the particular situation of a single set of parallel joints. As it could be expected, the obtained closed‐form expressions show the strength anisotropy induced by joint preferential orientation. The support functions (π functions) associated with the homogenized strength criterion are also determined in both plane strain and three‐dimensional cases. This criterion is then applied to the investigation of stability analysis of a tunnel excavated in a jointed rock mass. Upper bounds estimated of the stability factor are derived from the implementation of the kinematic approach directly on the homogenized underground structure. Finally, the approach is applied to analyze and discuss the collapse of the Pinheiros subway station (São Paulo, Brazil). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山区公路半填半挖路基沉降控制指标与标准研究

为了避免路基沉降导致路面结构破坏,对适用于山区公路半填半挖路基的沉降控制指标和标准进行了研究。首先,基于常泊松比假定,推导了三维Merchant模型的Prony级数表达式,并以ABAQUS为工具建立了半填半挖路基沉降计算模型。计算结果表明,半填半挖路基工后沉降曲线为“勺”形或“S”形,曲线形状的差异揭示了路基沉降的时空耦合效应。其次,基于路基工后沉降机制分析,提出了如下假定：半填半挖路基工后沉降曲线为中心对称的“S”形,对称中心两侧的曲线段为抛物线。通过沥青路面结构对抛物线形路基沉降的力学响应分析,揭示了路面结构附加弯拉应力与抛物线方程的二次项系数a具有线性关系,据此提出采用a值作为半填半挖路基沉降控制指标。最后,基于沥青路面结构在交通荷载和路基沉降共同作用下的破坏模式,提出了半填半挖路基沉降控制标准的确定方法。研究成果为合理控制半填半挖路基工后沉降提供了明确的技术依据。     

大型抽水试验最优化设计研究

抽水试验最优化设计,是指针对一个具体的地下水系统优选出一个抽水试验设计,它使抽水试验的费用最小化,而试验所获资料能满足识别参数所要求的可靠性,它可以概化为一个非线性的混合整数规划问题,其决策变量是确定抽水井和观测井的位置及井数、抽水量和观测频率等,采用搜索算法求解了这一优化问题,得到了理论最优解,并进行了实例演算。     

水压致裂法地应力测量若干问题的探讨

在深层地应力测量中,水压致裂法是最有效的测量方法。本探讨了该方法的几个关键性问题,例如压裂特征参数的取值,三维地应力测量,压裂缝的方向,破裂准则和钻孔轴向秒是主应力的一个方向等问题。     

A fragmentation criterion for highly viscous bubbly magmas estimated from shock tube experiments

When a highly viscous bubbly magma is sufficiently decompressed, layer-by-layer fracturing propagates through the magma at a certain speed (fragmentation speed). On the basis of a recent shock tube theory by Koyaguchi and Mitani [Koyaguchi, T., Mitani, N. K., 2005. A theoretical model for fragmentation of viscous bubbly magmas in shock tubes. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (B10), B10202. doi:10.1029/2004JB003513.], gas overpressures at the fragmentation surface are estimated from experimental data on fragmentation speed in shock tube experiments for natural volcanic rocks with various porosities. The results show that gas overpressure at the fragmentation surface increases as initial sample pressure increases and sample porosity decreases. We propose a new fragmentation criterion to explain the relationship between the gas overpressure at the fragmentation surface, the initial pressure and the porosity. Our criterion is based on the idea that total fragmentation of highly viscous bubbly magmas occurs when the tensile stress at the midpoint between bubbles exceeds a critical value. We obtain satisfactory agreement between our simulation and experiment when we assume that the critical value is inversely proportional to the square root of bubble wall thickness. This fragmentation criterion suggests that long micro-cracks or equivalent flaws (e.g., irregular-shaped bubbles) that reach the midpoints between bubbles are a dominant factor to determine the bulk strength of the bubbly magma.     

采用显式有限元方法求解开放系统动力响应的主要环节和问题

分析了采用显式有限元方法求解开放系统动力响应的主要环节中影响精度和稳定性的因素及其相互关系,指出数值解的精度和稳定性是这些因素共同作用的结果。归纳了合理输入数字荷载应满足的条件以及系统离散化准则。基于有限元方法推导了吸收边界的一般表达式,并据此提出吸收边界和透射边界之间存在确定的函数关系,并不是两类独立人工边界的新见解。认为内域的阻尼稳定性和人工边界的近场稳定性是大型复杂开放系统动力响应数值方法研究和应用中的关键科学问题,并从应用的角度提出了解决问题的思路和看法。     

Large, moderate, small earthquakes and seismic fortification criterion

IntroductionAccordingtoEarthquakeResistanceandDisasterReductionLawforthePeoplesRepublicofChina,twomethodsareadoptedforseismicdesignoftheconstructionprojectsinChina.Forkeyprojectsandtheprojectseasytocauseserioussecondarydisasters,seismicsafetyevaluationsmustbecarriedout.Andbasedontheresults,seismicfortificationstandardsaredeterminedtomakeseismicdesign.Forgeneralindustrialandcivilbuildings,seismicdesignsarecarriedoutaccordingtotheseismicfortificationstandardsstipulatedbyseismiczonationmap(Ch…     

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOW CONCENTRATION IN PIPES

The study of Sediment transport of low concentration in pipes bas been applied in the design of a self-cleansing storm sewer. An alternative criterion is suggested as op- posed to the widely used single flow velocity approach. A conceptual model which simu- lates the condition in a storm sewer is developed and tested against experimental data. The results proved that the volumetric sediment concentration, pipe diameter and sedi- ment size have to be taken into consideration to produce a self-cleansing storm sewer. It also shows that the slope obtained by this alternative criterion is lower than the single flow velocity approach.