Chemical spots on the surface of the strongly magnetic Herbig Ae star HD 101412

Due to the knowledge of the rotation period and the presence of a rather strong surface magnetic field, the sharp‐lined young Herbig Ae star HD 101412 with a rotation period of 42 d has become one of the most well‐studied targets among the Herbig Ae stars. High‐resolution HARPS polarimetric spectra of HD 101412 were recently obtained on seven different epochs. Our study of the spectral variability over the part of the rotation cycle covered by HARPS observations reveals that the line profiles of the elements Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Sr are clearly variable while He exhibits variability that is opposite to the behaviour of the other elements studied. Since classical Ap stars usually show a relationship between the magnetic field geometry and the distribution of element spots, we used in our magnetic field measurements different line samples belonging to the three elements with the most numerous spectral lines, Ti, Cr, and Fe. Over the time interval covered by the available spectra, the longitudinal magnetic field changes sign from negative to positive polarity. The distribution of field values obtained using Ti, Cr, and Fe lines is, however, completely different compared to the magnetic field values determined in previous low‐resolution FORS 2 measurements, where hydrogen Balmer lines are the main contributors to the magnetic field measurements, indicating the presence of concentration of the studied iron‐peak elements in the region of the magnetic equator. Further, we discuss the potential role of contamination by the surrounding warm circumstellar matter in the appearance of Zeeman features obtained using Ti lines. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

地球油气资源潜力是自然科学的基本问题

层序地层学自１９８７年问世以来，在国外如火如荼地发展起来，石油地质界对它的发展尤为关注。然而，在我国却显得举步维艰，进展缓慢。本文讨论了出现这种状况的起因：①不认识地震反射界面基本上是等时面；②认为地震／层序地层学是研究被动大陆边缘海相地层产生的，不适于非海相地层；③常规剖面中的地震反射频率和分辨率太低，不足以进行层序地层学研究；④层序地层学属纯理论科学，脱离油气勘探实际，采纳它的概念可能打气生产秩序。最后文章从正面阐述了开展层序地层学研究的必要性。     

基于三维X射线显微镜的孔隙性砂岩中变形带微观结构解析

孔隙性砂岩中变形带对揭示其相关地质作用过程和工程应用具有重要的意义,而其微观结构是其相关科学与工程研究的关键点。常规的岩石微观结构分析手段对于全面解析岩石内部的微观结构具有一定的局限性,而近年发展起来的三维X射线显微成像技术可以无损地获得岩石内部微米尺度的三维精细数字化图像,是建立岩石微观结构并对其进行解析的有效手段。通过三维X射线显微镜对孔隙性砂岩中变形带扫面,建立了高分辨率三维微观结构图像,利用高密度切片图像,对其微观结构特征进行解析。根据变形带微观产出状带和颗粒破碎过程的解析,建立颗粒破碎-破碎颗粒与残余破碎颗粒重新排列-局部颗粒破碎带-弱颗粒破碎变形带-强颗粒破碎变形带-强弱颗粒破碎变形带相间排列-簇状变形带的完整时间发育序列。     

层序地层格架及其对页岩储层发育特征的影响-以四川盆地龙马溪组页岩为例

为研究海相页岩沉积层序及其对页岩储层发育特征的控制作用,通过露头、岩芯研究及地化测试、有机质测试、矿物组分测试、孔隙发育特征测试等室内分析测试,结合测井小波分析,综合建立四川盆地龙马溪组的层序地层格架,并结合储层发育特征探讨层序与储层发育特征的关系。研究表明：研究区龙马溪组发育有两个三级层序;结合多口钻孔通过测井小波分析构建了研究区的高分辨率层序地层格架,识别出四个中期旋回A~D;对比各旋回内的储层发育特征,旋回A储层岩石学特征与旋回B~D存在显著差异,表现为储层有机质含量更高、水平层理更为发育、脆性矿物含量更高、微观储集空间（微—纳米级孔隙与微裂隙）发育程度更好,显示了层序旋回与储层物质成分、结构、力学脆性、含气性特征的显著相关关系,说明层序旋回是储层物性与含气性等发育特征的重要影响因素。基于前述研究,讨论了层序地层格架对储层发育的控制机理,层序格架下各旋回内沉积环境与沉积条件的差异导致储层沉积构造、物质成分与分布的差异,进而影响储层物性与含气性等特征;沉积盆地内高分辨率层序格架的建立可以为储层对比、评价与资源预测提供时间框架。建立了通过测井小波分析高分辨率层序地层格架进行储层分析对比的新方法,提出了基于储层小层分析建立页岩储层精细评价的新工作流程,有助于减少人为因素干扰,可以为页岩优质储层成因研究及其预测评价提供科学依据与新思路。     

柴北缘西大滩地区下—中侏罗统层序—古地理及聚煤特征

柴达木盆地北缘西大滩地区是近年来新发现的煤炭资源有利勘探区,含煤岩系以早侏罗世小煤沟组和中侏罗世早期的大煤沟组及石门沟组为代表。根据露头剖面、钻孔岩芯及测井曲线对该含煤岩系的沉积相、层序地层格架、聚煤模式及岩相古地理进行研究,并对该区聚煤规律进行了分析。研究结果表明：区内含煤岩系由砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、油页岩及煤组成,可识别出16种岩相类型以及冲积扇、辫状河三角洲与湖泊等3种沉积相类型。以区域不整合面、沉积相转换面、下切谷砂体底部冲刷面、岩性及颜色突变面等为层序界面,共识别出6个层序界面,划分出5个三级层序和相应的低位、湖侵及高位体系域。恢复出各个层序的岩相古地理,主要古地理单元为冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖及半深湖。研究区厚煤层主要发育于湖侵体系域上部靠近最大湖泛面处的下三角洲平原环境,这里作为低可容空间背景,较高的可容空间增加速率与较高的泥炭聚集速率相平衡,有利于泥炭/煤的聚集。煤层主要在层序SIII1、层序SIII2及层序SIII3中发育,由于古气候逐渐变得干燥,层序SIII4和SIII5聚煤作用变弱直至终止。     

主要构型要素细分下的曲流河单砂体识别

单砂体的识别始终是曲流河储层描述中重点与难点。构型理论极大地丰富了单砂体描述的方法与内容,然而主要构型要素内部多样的测井相类型与组合特征严重干扰了油藏精细描述的结果。在前人研究的基础上,将Bridge的基础理论简化到油藏描述范畴,简述同一点坝（以及与之相伴生的河道）不同位置下的流体特征与沉积序列,并探讨如何利用测井相组合来识别砂体叠置的6种类型,并应用于油田实践。研究结果表明：1）小层范围内主力砂体内部测井相类型的复杂多变反应了沉积过程中复杂的水动力特征,由于环绕单一点坝砂体的最大流速靠近坝头一侧而远离坝尾一侧,使得坝头以箱型韵律为主,坝尾以钟形韵律为主,并以此作为油藏描述中刻画点坝展布的理论基础;2）在研究砂体叠置类型的过程中,可以根据剖面上测井曲线的变化情况来识别砂体的不同部位和不同拼接方式,从而建立更为精确的砂体叠置样式类型;3）该理论与露头调研的吻合度较高,在储层应用过程中,在曲流段保存相对完整的层段有着良好的应用效果。     

上扬子地区双河露头五峰组—龙马溪组下段化学层序地层分析

综合地球化学、高分辨层序地层学理论方法,利用双河露头资料及样品分析测试,采用多元统计方法优选出陆源输入强度相关元素组合Al-K-Ti-Mg-Rb-Cr-Zr、自生沉淀强度相关元素组合Ca-Mn-Ba-Co、有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合V-Ni-Mo-U-Cu-Zn作为化学层序地层划分指标体系,将双河露头五峰组划分为LCW四级层序,龙马溪组下段自下而上细分为MCL1-1、MCL1-2、MCL1-3、MCL1-4四级层序。陆源输入强度相关主微量元素组合总量在层序界面附近相对较高,而最大海泛面附近相对较低,具有元素总量减少-增加旋回性变化特征;而自生沉淀强度相关主量元素组合总量和微量元素组合总量、有机质吸附及还原强度相关微量元素组合总量在层序界面附近一般较低,在最大海泛面附近一般较高,具元素总量增多-减少旋回性变化特征。     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区奥陶系鹰山组台内滩储层地层特征对比研究:以石灰窑和大湾沟剖面为例

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩礁滩体储层已经成为当前油气勘探的热点.以塔里木盆地柯坪地区石灰窑和大湾沟露头剖面为例,对奥陶系鹰山组台内滩地层的岩相组成及层序地层特征两个方面进行深入对比研究,并在此基础上分析了碳酸盐岩台内滩地层发育的控制因素.结果表明:(1)石灰窑地区和大湾沟地区鹰山组地层发育特征存在差异,石灰窑剖面以薄层颗粒灰岩...     

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系层序地层学研究

通过地震、钻测井及生物地层资料的综合研究,认为准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系发育6套层序、两个构造层序。层序及沉积相空间分布的差异反映八道湾期至西山窑期以北部物源为主,下部构造层序揭示了北部抬升、南部均衡沉降的构造格局,头屯河期至喀拉扎期以南部物源为主,上部构造层序反映南部抬升、湖盆急剧收缩的构造格局。研究区主要发育冲积扇－辫状河三角洲－湖泊沉积体系,其次为曲流河－三角洲－湖泊沉积体系。早中侏罗世,本区以暖温带潮湿气候为主,但在三工河早期及头屯河中期有两次气候变干变热过程,晚侏罗世为亚热带干旱、半干旱气候,晚期的干旱气候还是导致湖盆急剧萎缩的重要因素。     

Forced regression and its sedimentary response to continental lacustrine rift basin: A case of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Laizhouwan sag,Bohai Bay Basin

Falling stage systems tract(FSST)is an offlap strata with strong relationship with hydrocarbon exploration,which is driven by relative lake-level fall and developed above the highstand systems tract and below the lowstand systems tract of a new sequence. It has no relationship with sediment supply. Based on the theory of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology,3D seismic data,drilling core data,and well-logging data were comprehensively analyzed. The study showed that the FSST strata was formed in the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in the Laizhouwan sag. The FSST can be divided into three units,namely as units P1,P2,and P3 from bottom to top. The P1 is the first unit of progradation downlap the bottom of the FSST. The top of the unit P3 is a sequence boundary exhibits subaerial unconformity. The seismic profile along the source direction is characterized by the low-angle oblique progradation reflection that downstream the center of lake basin from west to east. Incised valleys developed on the top of the FSST perpendicular to the source direction. Gamma-ray logging response is manifested by a series of funnel-shaped complex,indicating that the sedimentary response of the FSST was a cycle of coarsening-upward parasequence sets. Comprehensive studies on core interpretation and well-logging analysis showed that the FSST was a fluvial-delta sedimentary system with slumped fan deposits associated with the delta front. Consequently,the FSST is a common result of relative dry climate and falling of lake level,considering regional tectonic evolution,sediment supply,and paleo-climate change. The discovery of the FSST in the Laizhouwan sag has an important geological significance for the sedimentological interpretation,and it offers a guidance for further oil exploration in the study area. In addition,it also serves as a significant reference for future research on the FSST development and exploration in the continental lacustrine rift basin.