Quartz OSL sensitivity from dating data for provenance analysis of pleistocene and holocene fluvial sediments from lowland Amazonia

The properties of the quartz luminescence signal have been shown to be a useful tool for sediment provenance analysis. These provenance studies are based on the sensitivity of the fast optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) component, which is also used for sediment dating. Besides the widespread occurrence of quartz in terrigenous sediments, OSL sensitivity can be acquired using relatively fast and low-cost measurements compared to sediment provenance analysis methods based on accessory minerals or isotopes. Additionally, laboratories worldwide already have an extensive database of recorded quartz OSL signals primarily measured for dating studies, and these data could potentially be repurposed for provenance analysis of Quaternary sedimentary systems through OSL sensitivity calculation. Here, we investigate the use of OSL quartz signals measured in sediment dating surveys for OSL sensitivity calculation and evaluation of changes in sediment sources. The OSL sensitivity was calculated and expressed as %BOSL_F, which corresponds to the percentage of the fast OSL component signal (blue stimulation) to the total OSL curve; such approach is advantageous as it does not require any normalisation of the measured signal intensity to dose or aliquot size (weight). Three sets of samples from Amazonian fluvial sediments are investigated: two sets of Holocene floodplain sediments representing different sediment sources to the Amazonian fluvial system, i.e. the Amazon craton and the Andes Mountain belt, and a set of samples from the Içá Formation, a paleo-fluvial system active during the Pleistocene whose provenance is not fully known. Results show that the quartz OSL signal derived from the first test doses (T_n) applied in dating protocols had the best performance for %BOSL_F calculation when compared to results from a measurement protocol designed specifically for sediment provenance analysis. There is significant correlation (R² = 88) between sensitivities derived from T_n and a specific OSL provenance analysis protocol. The proposed approach indicates to be appropriate for sediment provenance analysis since it is able to discriminate signal differences among samples from known sources: Brazilian cratonic quartz yield high sensitivity values (mean %BOSL_F >70), in contrast to the relatively lower values from Andean quartz (mean %BOSL_F <50). In general, quartz OSL sensitivities from the Içá Formation samples fall into the same range of modern sediments transported by the Içá and Japurá rivers draining the Andean Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and Ecuador. We also observe a decrease in quartz OSL sensitivity during the Holocene, notably after 4 ka, with younger deposits showing lower sensitivity. Sediment provenance variations are discussed in terms of watershed rearrangement and/or precipitation-driven changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene across Amazonia.     

The tidal signals extraction from GPS data on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Tidal motion is the source of short-term vertical motion that an ice shelf experiences, and hence has a significant impact on ice shelves. During the 2003/2004 Austral summer season, five days of GPS measurements were carried out on the front of the Amery Ice Shelf （AIS）, East Antarctica, by the 20th Chinese National Antarctica Research Expedition （CHINARE）. The GPS data was processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software with 2-hour static data segment and the vertical precision is less than 0.18 m. To verify our results for the vertical component, we compare the ice shelf GPS tidal signal with a tidal result derived from tide gauge measurements at China＇s Zhongshan Station on Antarctica. Comparison of the GPS results with the tide gauge were in good agreement in amplitude at the few cm level, which indicates that the tide under the front of Amery Ice Shelf is irregular semidiurnal tide, the maximal tidal differences is approximately 2 m. GPS data can be used to validate the ocean tide model around the Antarctic area and such studies are important to improve our knowledge of the Antarctic ice shelf mass balance and dynamical models of ice sheet/ocean interaction.     

基于卫星导航的震后被困人员手机信号定位分析

针对当前被困人员手机信号定位所采用的方法中手机信号定位距离存在局限性,且信号来源方向的确定受信号传播损耗变化影响较大的问题,提出基于卫星导航的震后被困人员手机信号定位分析方法。从地震的突发性、破坏性、社会影响和防御难度四个方面分析地震的特点,设计便携式移动台,通过GPS单差模型提取手机残差信号,计算各移动台在指定区域中的手机信号平均残差,获取各个区域手机信号的均方根,将均方差代入所有地震事件的双差方程进行联立,求解手机信号强度,通过AOA测量方法实现了卫星导航定位手机信号的分析。通过模拟在地震废墟中测试手机接收信号强度指示值(RSSI)与手机信号发射强度,对采集的数据进行分析以验证该系统在大范围地震废墟中的搜寻能力。实验结果证明,提出该方法系统可以对大范围的手机进行搜寻定位,信号来源方向较为稳定。     

氦光泵磁力仪探头设计和环路数字化研究

磁法勘探是一种常用的地球物理勘探方法,其中光泵磁力仪是国内外应用于航空和地面磁法测量最多的磁力仪器.为满足深部矿产资源勘查对高精度磁测设备的需求,本文开展了低噪声、宽量程的高性能数字氦光泵磁力仪关键技术研究,主要包括磁传感器探头优化设计和新型数字化环路设计两方面.首先通过深入分析影响氦光泵磁力仪灵敏度的主要决定因素,对磁传感器关键部件氦灯、氦室进行小型化技术研究,解决高性能氦泵源和原子气室等关键件的制作工艺,提高氦灯效率和氦吸收室的磁共振信号输出强度,制作出高性能、低噪声的小型化氦光泵探头.然后,针对常规模拟跟踪环路的局限性,通过数字化技术研究,采用FPGA、DSP、DDS、环路跟踪算法和信号处理软件等技术构成新型数字环路,弥补现有基于模拟跟踪环路技术的模拟式氦光泵磁力仪的不足,该数字环路降低了氦光泵磁力仪的电路噪声,增强了抗电磁干扰能力,并扩展了磁力仪的量程.本文通过小型探头和数字环路的技术设计,研制出高精度大量程的地面数字氦光泵磁力仪,并用于第三方测试.通过第三方测试证明：实测仪器的静态噪声小于4 pT,磁场测量范围为20000~100000 nT,梯度容限大于10000 nT/m.     

Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform

Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved.     

基于水平方向解析信号的均衡重力位场边界识别方法

边界识别技术是位场数据解释中一项基本的工作,现有的边界识别方法多存在边界识别结果发散和不能均衡深浅地质体异常的缺点.目前一些均衡边界识别方法会因正负异常同时存在而引起额外的错误边界或者存在人为主观因素去除错误边界信息的缺点.本文充分利用重力位场张量梯度的多信息成分,提出利用水平方向解析信号及其垂向导数与传统的均衡边界识别方法做结合的方式定义新的探测边界的方法.通过理论模型试验证明新方法同传统方法相比,能够更加清晰、准确的圈定出深浅地质体的边界.最后将新的边界识别方法应用到实测重力异常数据解释中,取得了良好的边界识别结果并能够发现更多的构造细节.     

曲波变换在位场信号提取中的应用研究

为了重磁数据中有效信号的分离与提取,本文研究了最近十几年发展起来的一种方法:曲波变换方法(Cur-velet transform method).从曲波变换的基本原理入手,通过重力位场理论模型数据分析了曲波变换的多尺度分解重构能力,并且利用加噪理论模型数据分析了曲波变换的阈值去噪能力,此外,还使用曲波变换对南岭东部地区...     

四川盆地冬季霾日数的分布特征及其与气象条件和海温关系

利用四川盆地气象站点资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,结合四川盆地冬季霾日数的时空变化特征,分析了影响盆地冬季霾日数的气象条件,探讨了海温异常对冬季霾日数的可能影响,基于海温关键区建立冬季霾日数预测模型,并检验了模型的预测能力.研究表明,四川盆地冬季霾日数呈弱增加趋势;四川盆地三大城市群为冬季霾多发区;四川盆地冬季霾...     

姑咱地震台张应变异常信号与修路施工间关系探讨

与2008年5月12日汶川MS 8.0地震时记录到的大量压应变异常信号不同,2013年4月芦山MS 7.0地震前后姑咱地震台钻孔应变仪记录到的却是显著张应变异常,特别是临震前几日信号大幅度突升,而该时段恰巧台站大门前进行修路施工,这究竟是地球物理异常还是干扰,一直有很大争议.研究发现,这些异常信号在时间上具有高度的准同...     

Chirp技术及其在海底浅层勘探中的应用

Ch irp子波因其宽的频带、长的脉冲延续时间和似白噪音的频率扫描特点,经过子波振幅包络和相关等处理后,具有很高的地层分辨率和资料信噪比,因而在海底浅地层调查中被广泛的采用。文中从Ch irp子波的波形生成开始,逐次讨论它的子波振幅包络和相关处理技术,以及它的分辨率的问题,最后以工程勘查中的实际例子证明Ch irp技术的优越性,同时还讨论了其技术的局限性,以便能对Ch irp技术有个深刻的了解。