一种基于多维正交判别子空间投影的人脸识别方法

人脸识别中,传统数据降维方法将人脸图像重排列成向量后进行处理,丢失了数据本身的结构特性,导致识别精度不高。本文发展了一种基于张量的数据降维方法———多维正交判别子空间投影。该算法直接用张量描述人脸,并通过张量到矢量投影(tensortovectorprojection,TVP)将张量数据投影到向量判别子空间。此方法寻找相互正交的投影向量集,使得判别子空间中数据类间离散度最大,同时类内离散度最小;进而利用TVP投影将高维张量数据映射成低维向量数据,在合适的约束条件下,这些降维后的向量特征数据是整个人脸数据中最具代表性的特征数据;最后,使用k最近邻(KNN)分类器将这些特征数据分类。利用经典人脸数据库ORL进行实验,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Two‐stage damage detection algorithms of structure using modal parameters identified from recursive subspace identification

Structural damage assessment under external loading, such as earthquake excitation, is an important issue in structural safety evaluation. In this regard, appropriate data analysis and feature extraction techniques are required to interpret the measured data and to identify the state of the structure and, if possible, to detect the damage. In this study, the recursive subspace identification with Bona‐fide LQ renewing algorithm (RSI‐BonaFide‐Oblique) incorporated with moving window technique is utilized to identify modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes at each instant of time during the strong earthquake excitation. From which the least square stiffness method (LSSM) combined with the model updating technique, called efficient model correction method (EMCM), is used to estimate the first‐stage system stiffness matrix using the simplified model from the previously identified modal parameters (nominal model). In the second stage, 2 different damage assessment algorithms related to the nominal system stiffness matrix were derived. First, the model updating technique, called EMCM, is applied to correct the nominal model by the newly identified modal parameters during the strong motion. Second, the element damage index can be calculated using element damage index method (EDIM) to quantify the damage extent in each element. Verification of the proposed methods through the shaking table test data of 2 different types of structures and a building earthquake response data is demonstrated to specify its corresponding damage location, the time of occurrence during the excitation, and the percentage of stiffness reduction.     

钻头破岩振动低频特征室内实验研究

钻头破碎岩石时会产生宽频的振动信号,不同频段的信号蕴含了不同的信息,由于高频段信号能量低、衰减大,不易检测,因此,就钻头破岩信号在低频段特征进行了研究,通过不同岩性岩样的微钻实验数据分析,发现破碎不同岩性的岩石产生的信号在低频段具有固定的频率特征。     

随机子空间识别方法计算效率的改进

参数识别是结构健康监测领域研究中的重点。随机子空间法是近年来发展起来的一种线性系统辩识方法,可以有效地从环境激励的结构响应中获取模态参数。该方法的基本原理是将“将来”数据向“过去”数据进行垂直投影,进而根据该投影计算出可观测矩阵和一个Kalman滤波状态序列。而Kalman滤波序列是“过去”输出信号的线性组合,即“过去”输出和“将来”状态估计建立了关系。而从Hankel矩阵的组成来看,由于要使得该矩阵具有单无限的条件,所需的计算时间也比较长。据此对随机子空间方法进行了改进。改进的基本思想是采用一个测点的信号作为“过去”作为输出信号代替全部测点的信号。这样就减少了计算量。最后用一数值模拟算例进行了验证,结果良好。     

高光谱图像子空间的波段选择

为降低高光谱遥感数据光谱空间的冗余度,提出一种快速的波段选择方法。该方法在波段子空间下进行,依次选择各子空间中方差最大的波段作为初始波段,设定目标函数,然后逐子空间替换波段使得目标性能更加优化,直至没有替换可以使得目标更优为止。在两个公开高光谱影像数据集上对比3种常用波段选择方法(ABC、AP、ABS)来验证提出方法的有效性,实验结果表明:(1)在印第安纳数据上,本文方法与ABC、AP、ABS所选波段子集相比平均相关性分别降低22.04%、52.61%、55.71%,最佳指数分别提高0.58%、51.73%、0.95%,总体分类精度分别提高0.16%、1.39%、23.07%,在搜索效率上与同类型的ABC方法相比提高6.61%—69.02%;(2)在帕维亚大学数据上,本文方法与ABC、AP、ABS所选波段子集相比平均相关性分别降低2.38%、0.51%、32.83%,最佳指数分别提高1.34%、17.97%、12.92%,总体分类精度分别提高0.31%、0.69%、8.53%,在搜索效率上与同类型的ABC方法相比提高19.13%—86.34%。本文提出的波段选择方法能够选择合适的波段子集满足不同的应用需要,是一种有效的波段选择方法。     

Incorporating synoptic-scale climate signals for streamflow modelling over the Mediterranean region using machine learning models

ABSTRACT

Understanding streamflow patterns by incorporating climate signal information can contribute remarkably to the knowledge of future local environmental flows. Three machine learning models, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), the M5 Model Tree and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) are established to predict the streamflow pattern over the Mediterranean region of Turkey (Besiri and Baykan stations). The structure of the predictive models is built using synoptic-scale climate signal information and river flow data from antecedent records. The predictive models are evaluated and assessed using quantitative and graphical statistics. The correlation analysis demonstrates that the North Pacific (NP) and the East Central Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (Niño3.4) indices have a substantial influence on the streamflow patterns, in addition to the historical information obtained from the river flow data. The model results reveal the utility of the LSSVM model over the other models through incorporating climate signal information for modelling streamflow.     

WSJ-4伪随机信号多功能数字化激电仪接收系统的研制及其应用

介绍了WSJ-4伪随机信号多功能数字化接收系统的基本原理和实现方法,以及其在实验室的测试数据和工程实践中的应用实例,详实地阐述了该仪器的特点及应用效果。 WSJ-4伪随机信号多功能数字化激电仪接收系统是基于频率域激发极化理论的新一代物探设备。该设备主要利用碳质岩与矿石中导电矿物质成分的激发极化性质,特别是时间常数(以相位参数反映)的显著差异性反映特性来达到区分矿与非矿的目的。     

Noise filtering of full-gravity gradient tensor data

In oil and mineral exploration, gravity gradient tensor data include higher-frequency signals than gravity data, which can be used to delineate small-scale anomalies. However, full-tensor gradiometry (FTG) data are contaminated by high-frequency random noise. The separation of noise from high-frequency signals is one of the most challenging tasks in processing of gravity gradient tensor data. We first derive the Cartesian equations of gravity gradient tensors under the constraint of the Laplace equation and the expression for the gravitational potential, and then we use the Cartesian equations to fit the measured gradient tensor data by using optimal linear inversion and remove the noise from the measured data. Based on model tests, we confirm that not only this method removes the high-frequency random noise but also enhances the weak anomaly signals masked by the noise. Compared with traditional low-pass filtering methods, this method avoids removing noise by sacrificing resolution. Finally, we apply our method to real gravity gradient tensor data acquired by Bell Geospace for the Vinton Dome at the Texas-Louisiana border.     

一种基于蓝牙的室内定位导航技术

为解决GNSS定位技术的“最后一公里”问题,室内定位近年来成为定位领域的研究热点。为了满足室内定位和导航服务的需要,该文采用iBeacon信标节点,设计了一种蓝牙技术为基础的室内定位系统。利用不同AP对位置的影响差异,实现空间分割以自动构建指纹数据库,结合用户的运动状态实现室内定位。研究结果表明:该文的定位方案在500m2的室内环境下,定位精度优于2m,完全可以满足日常定位导航功能。     

GALILEO在轨验证卫星GIOVE-A/B信号质量分析

利用了GESS跟踪网的数据,分析了GIOVE-A/B卫星的L1和E5频段不同信号的质量,并与GPS C/A码作了相应比较。