复杂条件下地震采集质量的量化评价技术

从地震资料解释的地质要求出发,将信噪比,分辨率和保真度三者紧密地联系在一起,指出了以往常规地震采集质量定性评价的不足,提出了对复杂地区野外地震采集质量的具体量化参数与多因素模糊综合评判方法,地震理论模型和实际资料计算结果表明：该评价系统适于复杂地表条件下地震采集方法的选择,为保证施工质量,降低采集成本,提供了科学的依据,具有很强的实用性和广阔的推广应用前景。     

广西夏季风变异的某些前期征兆与机理分析

利用拉萨站1月份地面气温资源、4月份赤道东西太平洋海表温度资料和南半球海冰和气旋的资料,分析高原热异常、赤道太平洋东西海温梯度异常以及南极海冰变化对广西夏季风变异的影响机理,并提出具体的“涝线”和“旱线”概念,为季同变异造成的旱涝天气预报提供一些有物理意义的因子指标。     

Quasi-2-Day Signals Observed in the Warm Pool Region during TOGA/COARE IOP

During Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA)/Coupled Ocean and Atmosphere Research Experiment (COARE) Intensive Observing Period (IOP), upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) and current meters were moored at two equatorial sites (147°E and 154°E) and two off-equatorial sites (2°N and 2°S, 156°E) in the warm pool region of the western equatorial Pacific. Using current data obtained by these moorings, we have shown that there is a dominant signal with a period of about 2 days from the end of November to the middle of December in 1992, except at the equatorial site on 147°E (Ueki et al., 1998). The energy of this quasi-2-day signal for the meridional current is larger than that for the zonal one and the signal has a high coherence between two off-equatorial sites. In this paper, using band-passed time series of the meridional curerent, we investigated characters of the quasi-2-day signal and attempted to interpret this signal as an equatorially trapped wave. Complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis reveals two different phase propagating features between the equatorial and off-equatorial site. One is an upward propagating signal, which is dominant near the surface at two off-equatorial sites, and the other is a downward propagating signal, which is dominant near 200 m at the equatorial site. If one interprets the quasi-2-day signal as an equatorially trapped wave, it is suggested that it cannot be explained as a single wave but can be described as the superimposition of several wave signals. The main part of these signals consists of two signals, one caused by a meteorological forcing and another by another factor in the ocean field.     

1954年长江巨洪中物理因子的叠加作用

分析了形成1954年长江巨洪的物理因子,指出现有研究主要侧重单个物理因子对1954年长江巨洪的影响。事实上,1954年长江巨洪是这些因子叠加作用的结果,并且因子越多,叠加作用越强,巨洪的量级也就越大。     

新疆近50a来的气温和蒸发变化

根据77处国家水文、气象站点观测资料,分析了新疆不同地区近50a来气温和蒸发两个气候要素的变化.结果表明,新疆近50a来的气温呈上升趋势,平均增长率为0.27℃·10a^-1.1987年以后的平均气温较1986年以前有明显升高,尤其是北疆西部、北部和东疆地区增幅较大,达0.6～1.6℃.新疆各季平均气温的变幅以冬季为最大,夏季最小,但各季总体上均呈上升趋势.新疆年蒸发量和干旱指数的变化总体呈下降趋势,反映出气候转湿的信号.     

Quartz OSL sensitivity from dating data for provenance analysis of pleistocene and holocene fluvial sediments from lowland Amazonia

The properties of the quartz luminescence signal have been shown to be a useful tool for sediment provenance analysis. These provenance studies are based on the sensitivity of the fast optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) component, which is also used for sediment dating. Besides the widespread occurrence of quartz in terrigenous sediments, OSL sensitivity can be acquired using relatively fast and low-cost measurements compared to sediment provenance analysis methods based on accessory minerals or isotopes. Additionally, laboratories worldwide already have an extensive database of recorded quartz OSL signals primarily measured for dating studies, and these data could potentially be repurposed for provenance analysis of Quaternary sedimentary systems through OSL sensitivity calculation. Here, we investigate the use of OSL quartz signals measured in sediment dating surveys for OSL sensitivity calculation and evaluation of changes in sediment sources. The OSL sensitivity was calculated and expressed as %BOSL_F, which corresponds to the percentage of the fast OSL component signal (blue stimulation) to the total OSL curve; such approach is advantageous as it does not require any normalisation of the measured signal intensity to dose or aliquot size (weight). Three sets of samples from Amazonian fluvial sediments are investigated: two sets of Holocene floodplain sediments representing different sediment sources to the Amazonian fluvial system, i.e. the Amazon craton and the Andes Mountain belt, and a set of samples from the Içá Formation, a paleo-fluvial system active during the Pleistocene whose provenance is not fully known. Results show that the quartz OSL signal derived from the first test doses (T_n) applied in dating protocols had the best performance for %BOSL_F calculation when compared to results from a measurement protocol designed specifically for sediment provenance analysis. There is significant correlation (R² = 88) between sensitivities derived from T_n and a specific OSL provenance analysis protocol. The proposed approach indicates to be appropriate for sediment provenance analysis since it is able to discriminate signal differences among samples from known sources: Brazilian cratonic quartz yield high sensitivity values (mean %BOSL_F >70), in contrast to the relatively lower values from Andean quartz (mean %BOSL_F <50). In general, quartz OSL sensitivities from the Içá Formation samples fall into the same range of modern sediments transported by the Içá and Japurá rivers draining the Andean Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and Ecuador. We also observe a decrease in quartz OSL sensitivity during the Holocene, notably after 4 ka, with younger deposits showing lower sensitivity. Sediment provenance variations are discussed in terms of watershed rearrangement and/or precipitation-driven changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene across Amazonia.     

The tidal signals extraction from GPS data on the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica

Tidal motion is the source of short-term vertical motion that an ice shelf experiences, and hence has a significant impact on ice shelves. During the 2003/2004 Austral summer season, five days of GPS measurements were carried out on the front of the Amery Ice Shelf （AIS）, East Antarctica, by the 20th Chinese National Antarctica Research Expedition （CHINARE）. The GPS data was processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software with 2-hour static data segment and the vertical precision is less than 0.18 m. To verify our results for the vertical component, we compare the ice shelf GPS tidal signal with a tidal result derived from tide gauge measurements at China＇s Zhongshan Station on Antarctica. Comparison of the GPS results with the tide gauge were in good agreement in amplitude at the few cm level, which indicates that the tide under the front of Amery Ice Shelf is irregular semidiurnal tide, the maximal tidal differences is approximately 2 m. GPS data can be used to validate the ocean tide model around the Antarctic area and such studies are important to improve our knowledge of the Antarctic ice shelf mass balance and dynamical models of ice sheet/ocean interaction.     

基于卫星导航的震后被困人员手机信号定位分析

针对当前被困人员手机信号定位所采用的方法中手机信号定位距离存在局限性,且信号来源方向的确定受信号传播损耗变化影响较大的问题,提出基于卫星导航的震后被困人员手机信号定位分析方法。从地震的突发性、破坏性、社会影响和防御难度四个方面分析地震的特点,设计便携式移动台,通过GPS单差模型提取手机残差信号,计算各移动台在指定区域中的手机信号平均残差,获取各个区域手机信号的均方根,将均方差代入所有地震事件的双差方程进行联立,求解手机信号强度,通过AOA测量方法实现了卫星导航定位手机信号的分析。通过模拟在地震废墟中测试手机接收信号强度指示值(RSSI)与手机信号发射强度,对采集的数据进行分析以验证该系统在大范围地震废墟中的搜寻能力。实验结果证明,提出该方法系统可以对大范围的手机进行搜寻定位,信号来源方向较为稳定。     

氦光泵磁力仪探头设计和环路数字化研究

磁法勘探是一种常用的地球物理勘探方法,其中光泵磁力仪是国内外应用于航空和地面磁法测量最多的磁力仪器.为满足深部矿产资源勘查对高精度磁测设备的需求,本文开展了低噪声、宽量程的高性能数字氦光泵磁力仪关键技术研究,主要包括磁传感器探头优化设计和新型数字化环路设计两方面.首先通过深入分析影响氦光泵磁力仪灵敏度的主要决定因素,对磁传感器关键部件氦灯、氦室进行小型化技术研究,解决高性能氦泵源和原子气室等关键件的制作工艺,提高氦灯效率和氦吸收室的磁共振信号输出强度,制作出高性能、低噪声的小型化氦光泵探头.然后,针对常规模拟跟踪环路的局限性,通过数字化技术研究,采用FPGA、DSP、DDS、环路跟踪算法和信号处理软件等技术构成新型数字环路,弥补现有基于模拟跟踪环路技术的模拟式氦光泵磁力仪的不足,该数字环路降低了氦光泵磁力仪的电路噪声,增强了抗电磁干扰能力,并扩展了磁力仪的量程.本文通过小型探头和数字环路的技术设计,研制出高精度大量程的地面数字氦光泵磁力仪,并用于第三方测试.通过第三方测试证明：实测仪器的静态噪声小于4 pT,磁场测量范围为20000~100000 nT,梯度容限大于10000 nT/m.     

Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform

Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved.