场地类别分类方案研究

基于性能的抗震设计,要求工程师设计出具有预期抗震性能的结构,一个关键因素是地震作用的确定,这在很大程度上取决于局部场地条件。通过收集和分析北京、苏州和唐山城区956个钻孔资料,建立地表20 m和30 m深土层走时平均剪切波速VS20和VS30的关系式;现场钻探获取北京城区深105 m的典型钻孔原状土样,试验给出各类土体动剪切模量和阻尼比曲线;建立北京城区170个钻孔的场地反应计算模型,采用Nakamura提出的HVSR法和陈国兴等提出的弱震法估算场地基本周期TS值,结合国内外现行抗震规范的场地分类及一些学者对场地分类的研究成果,提出两种新的场地分类建议方案：基于等效剪切波速VSE和覆盖土层厚度H（地表至剪切波速VS ≥ 500 m/s的基岩深度）的双指标场地分类方案及基于VSE、H和TS的三指标场地分类方案。提出的场地分类方案对我国现行抗震规范场地分类方法的改进有参考价值。     

Compaction localization in the Earth and the laboratory: state of the research and research directions

Localized compaction in porous rocks is a recently recognized phenomenon that has been shown to reduce permeability dramatically. Consequently, the phenomenon is relevant to a variety of technologies involving fluid injection or withdrawal. This article summarizes current understanding of localized compaction and impediments to further progress. The article is based on discussions at a small workshop on localized compaction sponsored by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy.     

江西金山金矿田东蒋金矿床地质特征及找矿远景

阐述了东蒋金矿床的成矿地质背景,通过对该金矿区地质特征的分析和总结,认为东蒋韧性剪切带为一卓具规模的控矿、容矿构造,其具有构造岩分带、蚀变分带及金矿化强度分带“三位一体”的规律性分布特点。指出该区业已发现韧性剪切带中的似层状金矿体和陡倾斜断裂带(F1)中的脉状金矿体,而该带目前无矿的东段分布有物探激电、航磁、重力异常及化探异常,这些都显示该区尚具有良好的找矿前景。     

多极子声波测井资料在辽河油田硬地层中的应用

通过声波全波列测井中斯通利波的反射和差异能量分析,在辽河油田中进行了裂缝识别并评价了其有效性。利用由4个波列旋转得到的交叉能量成分可以描述碳酸盐岩中的有效裂缝。通过分析计算各向异性的最小和最大能量,并通过不同井的实际产量已证实这些计算结果的一致性,从而对有效裂缝进行了描述。用多极子声波测井可以提高地震资料解释的精度,确定岩性与岩石特征,并探测气层与裂缝。编制出适合辽河油田使用的岩石力学性质参数图并应用在生产中。     

南水北调西线工程现场剪切试验及成果分析

南水北调西线工程将从长江上游每年引水200亿m3注入黄河,以缓解中国西北部和北部干旱缺水的问题。工程地质勘查结果表明,沿线的地质条件较复杂,诸如复杂的岩性、褶皱构造异常发育、地层褶皱强烈、区内北西向断裂构造较为发育、部分为活动断裂,这些均将对高坝体的边坡稳定和洞穴的开挖及地震效应等产生不利影响。为了查明岩石的力学特性,选取几个典型地段进行了波速测试和现场大型直剪试验,阐述了现场直剪试验的方法和过程,并对剪应力与位移和正应力与剪应力间的关系曲线进行了分析和总结,提出了反映岩石不同状况下的抗剪断强度和抗剪强度,并以此参数和室内试验参数分别对边坡稳定性进行分析对比,表明现场大型直剪试验获得的强度参数不仅真实可靠,而且对工程的边坡稳定性分析和优化设计也是至关重要的。     

三峡库区千将坪滑坡滑带土干-湿循环条件下强度特性试验研究

三峡库区滑坡的失稳,主要是水库水位的升降、大气降雨和人类活动等因素的影响引起的,滑坡的滑带土在水的反复浸泡作用下,其强度降低是导致大量古滑坡复活或产生新生型滑坡的主要原因。通过对千将坪滑坡滑带土在干―湿循环试验（DWC）条件下与天然非饱和土CU试验结果比较,研究了干-湿循环条件下滑坡滑带土强度特性及其变形特性,揭示了千将坪滑坡失稳机制。     

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low‐grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE‐NNE‐trending, brittle–ductile shear zones. Twenty‐four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4‐km‐long and 200‐m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1–6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identified at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, five stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfide quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfide quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite–jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz–carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fluid inclusion, namely H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fluids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm³, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids thus are representative of a medium‐ to low‐temperature, low‐ to medium‐salinity H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄–N₂ system. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of ?3.0 to +2.6‰ with a mean of +0.1‰. The δ¹³C_PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from ?5.4 to ?0.6‰, possibly reflecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico‐chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, water–rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fluids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore‐forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold–antimony deposit.     

内蒙古大青山地区构造特征与成矿关系

内蒙古大青山地区的临河-集宁断裂带是华北板块北缘的一条重要断裂带,它主要由韧性剪切带、韧脆性剪切带和推覆构造等构成.推覆构造自南向北可分为叠瓦逆冲推覆构造带、紧闭褶皱一逆冲断层变形带、宽缓褶皱-断层转折褶皱带、滑脱褶皱-断层传播褶皱带等4个变形带.断裂带从韧性到脆性表示了其出露深度不同,并有由南到北活动强度逐渐减弱的趋势.该区主要分布有以金为主的多金属矿床和以煤、大理岩为主的非金属矿床.区内金多金属矿床多与韧性剪切带有关,断裂构造为金属矿床的形成提供了空间,也是成矿物质的通道.研究指出了该地区的找矿前景与方向.     

A novel coupled FDM-DEM modelling method for flexible membrane boundary in laboratory tests

Difficulties are involved in discrete element method (DEM) modelling of the flexible boundary, that is, the membranes covering the soil sample, which can be commonly found in contemporary laboratory soil tests. In this paper, a novel method is proposed wherein the finite difference method (FDM) and DEM are coupled to simulate the rubber membrane and soil body, respectively. Numerical plane strain and triaxial tests, served by the flexible membrane, are implemented and analysed later. The effect of the membrane modulus on the measurement accuracy is considered, with analytical formulae derived to judge the significance of this effect. Based on an analysis of stress-strain responses and the grain rotation field, the mechanical performances produced by the flexible and rigid lateral boundaries are compared for the plane strain test. The results show that (1) the effect of the membrane on the test result becomes more significant at larger strain level because the membrane applies additional lateral confining pressure to the soil body; (2) the tested models reproduce typical stress and volumetric paths for specimens with shear bands; (3) for the plane strain test, the rigid lateral boundary derives a much higher peak strength and larger bulk dilatation, but a similar residual strength, compared with the flexible boundary. The latter produces a more uniform (or ‘diffuse') rotation field and more mobilised local kinematics than does the former. All simulations show that the proposed FDM-DEM coupling method is able to simulate laboratory tests with a flexible boundary membrane.     

地铁隧道开挖引起地表塌陷分析

深圳富水软弱地层地铁隧道开挖中出现的工作面失稳及由此引起的地表塌陷是地铁安全施工中极其重要的方面，对施工安全、进度都有较大影响，同时也对整个工程造成巨大的经济损失。通过对深圳地铁Ⅰ期工程土建施工中全线部分暗挖标段出现的工作面失稳、地表塌陷工程实践和现场监测结果分析，特别着重对连续2次出现地表塌陷的3A标暗挖隧道研究，从隧道上覆地层物理力学性质参数、地层变形监测分析及施工工艺原因3方面阐述了地表塌陷的原因。明确提出剪切破坏线和失水空洞区的概念，确定出引发地表塌陷的主导因素为施工工艺原因。建议针对该类地层条件，应做好超前地质预报．适当调整预加固参数．加强隧道结构和地表的动态变形监测，施工技术人员做到准确了解施工现场动态，及时调整施工工艺参数，以保证隧道的安全施工。分析结果对深圳地铁Ⅱ期工程施工及类似地层条件地下工程施工提供科学预测、预防地表塌陷的方法和技术措施，达到地铁隧道施工中经济效益与安全施工的统一。