南黄海西部浅部地层地震层序及其沉积特征

南黄海陆架在第四纪具有海侵—海退交替发生、海陆相地层交互沉积的特点,沉积相及其分布主要受海平面变化与古河流及其三角洲的控制。对南黄海西部地区采集的5600km浅层地震剖面进行了层序划分与解释,得到以下认识:(1)早更新世晚期以来的南黄海地层可分为U1—U14共14个地震地层单元,组成6个地震层序,代表了6次大规模海侵-海退过程,其中氧同位素5期海相地层在该地区最发育;(2)根据全新世地层厚度变化,将该区分为6个沉积区:东部弱沉积区、中北部沉积发育区、海州湾外侵蚀区、废黄河口沉积区、射阳河口岸外侵蚀区和苏北浅滩沉积区;(3)氧同位素6期至2期,南黄海西部陆相层内发育了3期埋藏古河道:上层古河道发育于氧同位素2期,古长江水系、古黄河水系分别自南黄海南部、北部流入古黄海;中层古河道发育于氧同位素4期,仅分布于近岸地区;下层古河道发育于氧同位素6期,分布于123°E以西地区,其南部古河道应为古长江水系,规模较大,其北部古河道规模较小,分布范围有限;(4)古长江第四纪早期在古黄海入海,古黄河在氧同位素5期中后期也开始自古黄海入海,其古河道发育具有一定继承性,后期发育规模逐渐增大;(5)气候温暖的高海面时期发育于构造沉降...     

Evidence of microphytobenthic roles on coastal shallow water of the Seto Inland Sea,Japan

This study describes the temporal variation of microphytobenthic biomass and its controlling factors, as well as the impact of microphytobenthic activities on coastal shallow sediment in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeopigments and sedimentary biophilic element (C, N, P and Si) contents in surface sediments, as well as nutrient concentrations at the sediment-water interface (overlying water and pore water) were observed monthly during November 2003 to May 2005 at one site in Shido Bay (water depth ca. 7 m) and at one site in Harima-Nada (35 m). No correlation was observed between the sedimentary biophilic elements and other parameters. The maximum chlorophyll a content of 48.2 μg g^–1 was found in surface sediments under the photon flux reaching the seafloor of 537 μmol photon m^–2 s^–1 during the winter period when water transparency was the highest at station S (Shido Bay). Our results suggest that higher chlorophyll a content in surface sediment was due to the fresh microphytobenthic biomass (mainly benthic diatom). We also found a significant negative correlation between Chl a and inorganic nutrients in pore water during the low temperature period, especially silicic acid. This result suggests that the silicic acid was assimilated largely during the increase of microphytobenthic biomass in surface sediment. This study suggests that the microphytobenthic roles may have a great effect on nutrient budgets during the large supply of irradiance (winter periods) for their photosynthetic growth in shallow coastal waters.     

南翼山浅层Ⅰ＋Ⅱ油层组储层敏感性分析

从储层特征出发,分析了南翼山浅层Ⅰ＋Ⅱ油层组储层产生伤害的原因,指出由于岩性和物性的复杂性,导致储层容易被损害。敏感性分析表明,储层主要的伤害类型是水敏、盐敏和酸敏伤害,其次是速敏伤害。在勘探开发中应把防止水敏、盐敏和酸敏伤害作为优先考虑的问题。     

库水位下降时隔水底板倾斜的层状岸坡中浸润线的解析解

库岸边坡中的地下水对其稳定性起决定作用,然而目前却没有统一的公式用来计算岸坡中的浸润线.为此,根据三峡库区广泛存在的隔水底板倾斜的层状非均质岸坡建立了基本模型,求得了稳定渗流和非稳定渗流两种情况下,库水位下降时岸坡中浸润线的解析解.同时,结合算例进行了分析,证明该方法在实际工程中具有指导意义.     

海啸传播模型与数值模拟研究进展

海啸在浅水大陆架的传播问题由于其非线性作用和浅水效应而变得十分复杂,然而目前成熟的海啸传播理论及数值模拟结果在这方面与实际并不一致.本文比较分析了可用来模拟大陆架海啸传播的浅水波模型和数值方法,并提出对我国东海陆架边缘可能发生的近海海啸需要开展数值试验研究.     

Shallow destructive earthquakes

Depths of earthquake occurrence and large slip distribution are critical for seismic hazard assessment.Numerous examples show that earthquakes with similar magnitudes,however,can result in significantly different ground shaking and damage.One of the critical factors is that whether the large slip was generated near the ground surface.In this article,we reviewed two aspects that are important on this regard,shallow slip deficit and nucleation depth.Understanding how shallow future earthquakes may nucleate in particular regions,such as shale gas fields,is critical for hazard assessment.Whether or not a strong earthquake may slip significantly at shallow depths(less than 3 km)plays crucial rules in seismic hazard preparation and should be further investigated by integrating high-resolution fault zone observations,dynamic rupture simulation,and fault zone properties.Moreover,precisely resolving shallow depth and slip distribution of earthquakes demands InSAR and/or other image data that can better capture the near-fault deformation to constrain the source parameters of earthquakes.     

黄河三角洲地区末次盛冰期以来浅地层划分与海平面变化的响应

通过对黄河三角洲几个钻孔的分析.将其自上而下划分成3个海相层和3个陆相层,并且划分为1个4级层序(准层序)和4个5级层序。每个层序代表了一次海平面的升降旋回。4级层序的海退沉积与末次冰期的后期对应,海平面下降最大时期是末次冰期最盛期(LGM)的反映。     

基于回波时间的多波束测深与声纳数据匹配方法

以多波束精确的水深数据为参照源,采用原始回波时间对多波束测深数据与其同源声纳数据进行匹配,从而获得高精度和高分辨率的海底影像数据,并避免了传统声纳图像处理过程中斜距改正所带来的几何形变。匹配结果采用光照图输出,并与三维水深图、原始声纳图像和CARIS处理后的声纳图像进行比较分析。该方法有效地提高了多波束数据的利用率,增强了对海底地形的探测分辨率。     

多波束安装校准中各参数关联性分析

多波束测深系统安装校准是多波束测量的关键环节,其安装和校准的好坏直接影响测量精度。在校准和测量过程中,各种误差参数是同时存在且相互影响的。正确分析其相互关联性,采取合适的校准方法,可以削弱其误差的影响,提高校准精度。论述了多波束安装参数校准的作业方法和误差分析,并对各校准参数的关联性进行了详细的论证和量化分析,提出了削弱各参数关联性的方法。     

均质地基上浅埋矩形基础极限承载力上限分析

基于土体塑性极限分析理论,推导一般黏性土地基上矩形基础承载力的上限解。为了证实上限解的合理性与适用性,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS进行数值分析,并分别与Vesic理论解和Salgado et al理论解进行了对比。结果表明,推导的三维矩形基础上限解能较好地计算黏性土地基的极限承载力。