海洋测深网平差模型的可靠性分析

给出了海洋测深网平差模型在观测值等精度独立条件下的可靠性计算公式，理论分析指出，当检查线数小于3时，模型可靠性不好。对此，提出了一种适用于检查线数小于3的改化模型。并分析了1：1万比例尺3种水深图幅网结构的可靠性，指出检查线与测深线长度比为10%～15％对确定测深网的可靠性较为合适。     

XLS-Ⅱ型系留气艇探测系统

简单描述了系留气艇运动的基本力学原理，较详细地介绍了国产XLS-Ⅱ型系留气艇探测系统的基本组成、结构和主要技术指标。系统的绞车重36kg，电机功率600W，拉线最大拉力为175kg。与系统配套的有气象要素、大气臭氧和大气气溶胶等探测单元。给出了主要气象和某些环境要素的探测精度和应用实例并简单讨论了系留气艇探测系统在实际应用的某些问题。     

宁夏海原大震区西安州—韦州剖面大地电磁探测与研究

对穿过宁夏海原大震区西安州(N36.5°,E105.5°)北至同心县韦州(N37.28°,E106.48°)的大地电磁测深剖面，采用远参考道大地电磁方法进行测量和资料处理，得到高精度的数据如视电阻率、阻抗相位、二维偏离度、最佳主轴方位角等. 依据这些数据，对测区的电性结构进行了定性分析和二维定量反演解释. 结果表明，沿剖面可以分成5个电性区块，与西、南华山隆起(Ⅰ)、兴仁堡—海原盆地(Ⅱ)、中卫—清水河盆地(Ⅲ)、中宁—红寺堡盆地(Ⅳ)和鄂尔多斯西缘带(Ⅴ)对应，各区块的边界由大断裂构成. 地表到深度10km左右，西、南华山隆起和鄂尔多斯西缘带呈高阻特性，兴仁堡—海原、中卫—清水河、中宁—红寺堡三个盆地的电阻率较低且呈盆地凹陷形状，盆地基底显示为西南深东北浅的簸箕状起伏形态，基底最深约为8km. 西、南华山隆起、中卫—清水河盆地和鄂尔多斯西缘带的下地壳为“正常”电阻率结构. 兴仁堡—海原和中宁—红寺堡盆地的下地壳上部为“异常”低电阻率带. 1920年的海原大震区存在明显的电性结构差异，震区西南侧和上部区域为相对高阻，东北侧和下部区域为相对低阻.     

用sPn计算内蒙地震的震源深度

震源深度是地震定位的一个重要参数。本文讨论了用sPn测定震源深度的可能性。sPn对于测定地壳内震源深度具有重要意义。本文笔者利用记录到的sPn震相计算了2003年8月16日发生在我国内蒙地区地震的震源深度，并对该方法在日常工作中的应用进行了讨论。     

Structure of the lithosphere below the southern margin of the East European Craton (Ukraine and Russia) from gravity and seismic data

The present study was undertaken with the objective of deriving constraints from available geological and geophysical data for understanding the tectonic setting and processes controlling the evolution of the southern margin of the East European Craton (EEC). The study area includes the inverted southernmost part of the intracratonic Dnieper-Donets Basin (DDB)–Donbas Foldbelt (DF), its southeastern prolongation along the margin of the EEC–the sedimentary succession of the Karpinsky Swell (KS), the southwestern part of the Peri-Caspian Basin (PCB), and the Scythian Plate (SP). These structures are adjacent to a zone, along which the crust was reworked and/or accreted to the EEC since the late Palaeozoic. In the Bouguer gravity field, the southern margin of the EEC is marked by an arc of gravity highs, correlating with uplifted Palaeozoic rocks covered by thin Mesozoic and younger sediments. A three-dimensional (3D) gravity analysis has been carried out to investigate further the crustal structure of this area. The sedimentary succession has been modelled as two heterogeneous layers—Mesozoic–Cenozoic and Palaeozoic—in the analysis. The base of the sedimentary succession (top of the crystalline Precambrian basement) lies at a depth up to 22 km in the PCB and DF–KS areas. The residual gravity field, obtained by subtracting the gravitational effect of the sedimentary succession from the observed gravity field, reveals a distinct elongate zone of positive anomalies along the axis of the DF–KS with amplitudes of 100–140 mGal and an anomaly of 180 mGal in the PCB. These anomalies are interpreted to reflect a heterogeneous lithosphere structure below the supracrustal, sedimentary layers: i.e., Moho topography and/or the existence of high-density material in the crystalline crust and uppermost mantle. Previously published data support the existence of a high-density body in the crystalline crust along the DDB axis, including the DF, caused by an intrusion of mafic and ultramafic rocks during Late Palaeozoic rifting. A reinterpretation of existing Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) data on a profile crossing the central KS suggests that the nature of a high-velocity/density layer in the lower crust (crust–mantle transition zone) is not the same as that of below the DF. Rather than being a prolongation of the DDB–DF intracratonic rift zone, the present analysis suggests that the KS comprises, at least in part, an accretionary zone between the EEC and the SP formed after the Palaeozoic.     

在静力触探应用中有关土层分类命名问题的探讨

多年来，静力触探的土层分类命名一直是困扰勘察设计人员的大问题，以静力触探资料整理中的普通经验及铁道部《静力触探技术规则》(TB37-93)中有关土类划分内容，结合勘察实践做些讨论，指出“普遍经验”的局限与相关规范的优缺点，并尝试提出新的工作方法和见解。     

Study on relationship between deep and shallow structures along north boundary fault of Yanqing-Fanshan basin

IntroductionTheYanqing-Huailaibasin,whichconsistsoftheYanqing-FanshanandHuailai-Zhuolusub-basins,ismainlycontrolledbythenorthboundaryfaultsofthesub-basins.AsabasictectonicunitattheintersectionofthenortheasternendoftheNNE-trendingShanxigrabensystemandtheNW-trendingZhangjiakou-Penglaifaultzone,ithaskepttheintensivetectonicactivityintheQuaternary(YANG,1982;XU,DENG,1988;XU,MA,1992;FANG,etal,1993;Pavlides,etal,1999).Overthepastdecade,manyresearchershaveconductedstudiesonthedetailedstr…     

Carbon isotope composition and its implications of Lower Cretaceous Aptian-Albian shallow water carbonates in the Cuoqin Basin, North Tibet

Since Schlanger and Jenkyns (1976)[1] first ad-vanced the ?oceanic anoxic events ?(OAEs) model to explain the origin of the worldwide distributed Early Cretaceous Aptian-Albian (115—103 MaBP) and Late Cretaceous Cenomanian-Turonian (95—88 MaBP) black shales, the OAEs and responses to them have been one of the 揾ot spots?in geological circles. Up till now, researchers at home and abroad have exten-sively studied the sedimentary and geochemical re-sponses to the two anoxic events, espe…     

浅埋深、薄基岩、厚松散含水层下煤层综合机械化开采防治水技术应用

神东煤炭公司大柳塔矿12404工作面煤层埋深浅，上覆基岩薄、松散含水层厚，且地表有河流横过(工作面长度240m，推进度3900m，其中薄基岩富水段150m)，为了减少工作面搬家次数提高生产效益，采取了地面抽排水、井下泄放水及地面注浆固沙等有效的防治水措施，工作面安全通过了母河沟，该防治水方法的应用改变了以往类似情况进行留煤柱跳采的方法，取得了浅埋深薄基岩厚含水层下煤层综合机械化安全开采经验，比停产跳采节省搬家费用2400万元，获得了显著的经济效益。     

强弱风浪扰动下太湖的营养盐垂向分布特征

在一次风速12m/s的强风浪过程中及在连续多天弱风浪之后,对太湖梅梁湾一浅水区营养盐、悬浮物等的垂向分布进行了观测和分析。结果表明,在水底沉积物约20cm的情况下,强风浪期间与弱风浪期间相比,湖水中悬浮物浓度提高了10倍,总磷浓度提高了3 6倍。而强风浪期间与弱风浪期间的水体溶解性总磷(DTP)、溶解性活性磷(SRP)的浓度无显著差异。说明尽管强风浪过程引起沉积物大量悬浮,水体悬浮颗粒态营养盐显著增高,但是由于悬浮过程营养盐释放与沉降机制作用十分复杂,活性营养盐的浓度未必能提高。无论强风浪还是弱风浪期间,水体的表层至水土界面上50cm层的悬浮物浓度、营养盐浓度没有明显的分层现象,但明显低于水土界面上50cm内的悬浮物浓度和总磷浓度。无论是强风浪期间还是弱风浪期间,表层到底层水体SRP浓度无显著差异。