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901.
Hardman-Mountford NJ Allen JI Frost MT Hawkins SJ Kendall MA Mieszkowska N Richardson KA Somerfield PJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(12):1463-1471
Adaptive management of the marine environment requires an understanding of the complex interactions within it. Establishing levels of natural variability within and between marine ecosystems is a necessary prerequisite to this process and requires a monitoring programme which takes account of the issues of time, space and scale. In this paper, we argue that an ecosystem approach to managing the marine environment should take direct account of climate change indicators at a regional level if it is to cope with the unprecedented change expected as a result of human impacts on the earth climate system. We discuss the purpose of environmental monitoring and the importance of maintaining long-term time series. Recommendations are made on the use of these data in conjunction with modern extrapolation and integration tools (e.g. ecosystem models, remote sensing) to provide a diagnostic approach to the management of marine ecosystems, based on adaptive indicators and dynamic baselines. 相似文献
902.
An integrated decision method for prediction of tropical cyclone movement by using genetic algorithm 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
YANG Yuanqin & WANG Jizhi . National Meteorological Center Beijing China . Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):429-440
Typhoon disaster is one of the most influentialnatural disasters. The strong storm surge of Bangla-desh cyclone, which happened in November 1970,resulted in 300000 deaths. Asia and the western Pa-cific can be regarded as an area where is affected mostseverely by the disasters of tropical storms[1]. Themost important thing is to improve the accuracy oftyphoon tracks prediction internationally. Lande-sea,C.[2] pointed out that for a successful forecast oftropic cyclone (TC) tracks, it is not … 相似文献
903.
Khalid Qahman Abdelkader Larabi Driss Ouazar Ahmed Naji Alexander H. -D. Cheng 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(2):99-110
Four examples are investigated for the optimal and sustainable extraction of groundwater from a coastal aquifer under the threat of seawater intrusion. The objectives and constraints of these management scenarios include maximizing the total volume of water pumped, maximizing the profit of selling water, minimizing the operational and water treatment costs, minimizing the salt concentration of the pumped water, and controlling the drawdown limits. The physical model is based on the density-dependent advective-dispersive solute transport model. Genetic algorithm is used as the optimization tool. The models are tested on a hypothetical confined aquifer with four pumping wells located at various depths. These solutions establish the feasibility of simulating various management scenarios under complex three-dimensional flow and transport processes in coastal aquifers for the optimal and sustainable use of groundwater. 相似文献
904.
This paper concerns the reconstruction of a dynamic system based on phase space continuation of monthly mean temperature 1D
time series and the assumption that the equation for the time-varying evolution of phase-space state variables contains linear
and nonlinear quadratic terms, followed by the fitting of the dataset subjected to continuation so as to get, by the least
square method, the coefficients of the terms, of which those of greater variance contribution are retained for use. Results
show that the obtained low-order system may be used to describe nonlinear properties of the short range climate variation
shown by monthly mean temperature series. 相似文献
905.
Jia?RongfenEmail author Peng?Xianzhi Zhou?Zheng Liu?Dehan Wang?Guanxin Wang?Deqiang 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(3):197-206
Relatively strongly magnetic fine components (< 30μm, XS-4J and DS-4J) which are most environmentally sensitive were separated from layer S5-1 in the Xifeng and Duanjiapo loess sections and analyzed by MPV-3 for their morphometric characteristics and reflectance, SEM-ESD for their element contents and XRD for their mineral phases, respectively. The results showed that minerals in both samples are dominated by detrial Fe-Ti oxides of aeolian origin. In sample XS-4J the reflectance and iron contents of magnetic minerals are usually high. In addition to magnetite (Fe3O4), maghemite (γFe2O3) and hematite (Fe2O3), some Fe-high oxide (72.25 wt%–86.67 wt%), ilmenite (FeTiO3), and magnetite-ulvöspinel [Fe(FeCr)O4, Fe (FeNi)O4] were also detected. In sample DS-4J obvious negative linear correlations were found between Ti and Fe, and the contents of Mn, Si, Al and Ca are usually high and the minerals are dominated by magnetite (maghemite), goethite (FeOOH) and limonite (containing Si and OH). In addition, the signs of corrosion of magnetic minerals and newly crystallized magnetite (maghemite) were recognized. Differences in the composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetite minerals between XS and DS reflect significant differences in source rocks and preserving conditions. 相似文献
906.
Stress Changes Modelled for the Sequence of Strong Earthquakes in the South Iceland Seismic Zone Since 1706 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The South Iceland seismic zone is, roughly speaking, situated between two sections of the mid-Atlantic ridge, i.e., the Reykjanes Ridge southwest of Iceland and the Eastern Volcanic Zone on the island. It is a transform zone, where earthquakes are expected to occur on E-W-trending left-lateral shear faults, equivalent to conjugate, N-S-oriented right-lateral, rupture planes. In fact, earthquakes take place on en-échelon N-S-oriented faults, which is indicated by the distribution of main shock intensities, aftershocks as well as by surface fault traces. The stress field continuously generated in the fault zone by opening of the adjacent ridges is computed and superimposed on the stress field changes induced by a series of 13 earthquakes (M 6) between 1706 and 2000. The level of the pre-seismic stress field is analysed as well as the size of the area under high stress. Finally, the post-seismic stress field of June 2000 is analysed, to see where high stresses might have accumulated. The modelling indicates that the rupture planes located on separated parallel N-S-striking zones are dense enough to lead to an area-wide stress release by the series of events. The obtained pre-seismic stress level for most events is high and stable with the exception of situations when several strong shocks occur over a time span of several days, i.e., display typical main shock-aftershock patterns. The size of areas under high stress aside from of the rupture plane, i.e., where no event occurs at the specific time, is of medium to small size. 相似文献
907.
ZHUXiao-hua CAIYun-long 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(1):9-14
MANDELBROT enunciated the uncertainty of the length of a coastline in his paper “How long is the coastline of Britain?” published in Science in 1967. The fractal concept was presented for the first time in that paper and has been applied to many fields ever since. Although fractal dimensions of lots of phenomena were calculated by the box-counting method, the quantitative influence of series of square grids on them is ignored. The issue is systematically discussed as a case study of the mountains of China‘s Mainland in this paper. And some significant conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) Although the fractal character objectively exists in the mountains of China‘s Mainland, and it does not vary with the changes of series of square grids, the fractal dimensions of the mountains of China‘s Mainland are different with these changes. 2) The fractal dimensions of the mountains of China‘s Mainlandvary with the average lengths of sides of series of square grids. The fractal dimension of the mountains of China‘s Mainland is the function of the average length of side of square grid. They conform to the formula D=f(r) (where D is the fractal dimension, and r is the average length of side of square grid). 3) Different dots of data collection can affect the fractal dimension of the mountains of China‘s Mainland. 4) The same range of length of side of square grid and dots of data collection can ensure the comparison of fractal dimensions of the mountains of China‘ s Mainland. The research is helpful to get the more understanding of fractal and fractal dimension, and ensure that the fractal studies would be scientific. 相似文献
908.
一种基于网络拓扑关系的地图匹配算法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
地图匹配是车辆导航定位系统中提高定位精度的一种方法,其精度受定位数据、地图数据质量及坐标系转换关系的影响.在分析现有算法的基础上,提出了一种基于网络拓扑关系的地图匹配算法.该算法只需将GPS定位数据和GIS 数据相结合,即可用算法的形式解决地图匹配中一些常见的问题.实验证明:该算法是一种精度高、效率好、实用性强的地图匹配算法,具有较好的实用价值. 相似文献
909.
铅垂线轨迹法(VLL,Vertical Line Locus)是一种直接解求高程的方法,将该方法加以改进,并将其应用在建筑物高程信息的获取中,实现了自动批量获取建筑物高程信息的目的,并具有一定的精度。实验表明,该方法效率较高,可靠性较好。 相似文献
910.