淮河大堤土体工程地质特性及采动裂缝研究

淮河下采煤,使地面大堤土体中出现了许多采动裂缝,普遍认为裂缝的存在对大堤与河下采煤安全构成很大威胁。以土体工程地质特性研究为基础,采用试验和力学分析方法,分析论证了大堤土体采动裂缝的形成条件及其发育深度,得出几点结论:1)目前,淮南淮河大堤在粘土堤土体拉应变超过8～12mm/m、砂土堤超过3～5mm/m时,堤体就会出现裂缝;2)土中裂缝发育深度不会超过与土的力学特性有关的某一极限值。目前淮河大堤粘土堤约为4.0m、砂土堤约为2.0m;3)采取粘土注浆、铺设防渗膜等措施处理后,淮河大堤采动裂缝的存在就不会对河下采煤与大堤安全构成威胁。     

1995年云南孟连西7.3级地震前震序列特征及其与主震的关系

在分析１９９５年云南孟连西７３级地震的前震序列时,发现跟踪最大前震６２级的余震序列中,有一组较大震级的地震呈现出随时间的增长不断线性递增的特点,这种特点在云南其他震例中也曾多次出现过。利用修正的大森公式ｎ（ｔ）＝ｋ／（ｔ＋ｃ）ｐ拟合该序列,在获得的参数重新构造的频度－线性化时间坐标中,这一组地震显示出与海城前震序列随时间变化震级出现非线性增强的共同特征。采用表征物质加速应变而失稳的方程ｄ（∑Ｍ０１／２）／ｄｔ＝ｃ／（ｔｍ－ｔ）ｎ,对孟连西前震序列多方面进行跟踪定量分析,预测主震的发生时间平均比实发时间仅推迟２６ｍｉｎ,震级相差０１７级。     

土石坝坡抗震极限分析上限法

基于极限分析的上限定理,提出一种土石坝极限抗震分析的新方法。该方法假定土体为理想刚塑性材料且满足相关联流动准则,将土石坝坡滑动体划分为若干水平土条,计算各滑动土条的外功率与内能耗散,然后通过能量平衡条件,利用优化算法确定土石坝的极限抗震能力。运用所提方法,对一典型心墙土石坝进行极限抗震能力分析,研究了水平条分数以及抗剪强度参数对极限抗震能力影响。计算结果表明,水平条分数对滑裂面形状影响较大而对大坝极限抗震能力影响较小。当水平条分数增加到一定数目时大坝极限抗震能力最终趋于一个稳定值。同时,堆石料的抗剪强度对大坝极限抗震能力影响较大。通过与传统的极限平衡法对比,验证了所提方法的正确性与可行性。     

西藏扎布耶盐湖水位波动规律初探

文章探讨扎布耶北湖1991年1月至2003年12月水位变化的季节性波动、长期变化和周期变动的规律。该湖水位的季节性波动在1991~1996年表现为单峰模式,高水位出现于4月,由冰雪与冻土融水补给引起;1997~2003年表现为双峰模式,高水位分别出现在4月和8~9月(雨季),反映近年来气温上升和降水增加的影响。数学模型表明水位波动表现出8.2年的周期,幅度达0.48 m。1991~2003年水位共上升0.25 m,但大多数年份表现出平均0.06~0.08 m/a下降趋势,1998~1999年的水位上涨是水位由单峰模式变为双峰模式转折点。     

塔北天然气组分特征及同位素组成

通过对塔北天然气32个样品的化学组分特征,甲烷的碳、氢同位素组成及关系,以及单烃碳同位素系列特征,甲烷的碳同位素组成与烃类组分关系等方面的综合研究揭示了塔北不同油气区不同井位天然气的成因类型以及某些井位天然气的来源,为塔北油气勘探提供了有价值的信息。     

Parametric study using FEM for the stability of the RCC Tannur dam

Parametric study was carried out in this paper using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to study the effects of variations of the two parameters, i.e., variations in batter slope and foundation properties under static and dynamic loading conditions on the distribution of the peak stresses within the dam and foundation soils. The response spectra for the operating basis earthquake (OBE) and the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) were used in the dynamic analysis. It is shown that the distribution of peak stresses across base of dam and the extent of tensile zone on the foundation soils at the foundation level vary with the variations in the batter slope. Generally, as the batter slope increases the extent of the tensile zone at the foundation level decreases but not necessarily the maximum tensile stresses. However, an optimum batter slope could be achieved based on the results of this parametric study. It should be noted that the greatest tension is developed in the rock adjacent to the toe of the batter. For the foundation mechanical properties, it has been shown that the assessment of accurate soil mechanical properties has a great effect on the computed design stresses from finite element analysis. However, the greatest effect of the foundation properties was on the stresses at the base of dam while it has a negligible effect within the dam body.     

深厚覆盖层300m级超高土质心墙坝应力变形特征

目前我国高土心墙堆石坝的设计思想是在总结小浪底这类筑坝经验的基础上建立的,只有200 m级以下的资料可供参考,为此采用数值分析方法对居于心墙坝世界前列的深厚覆盖层300 m级高土心墙堆石坝进行进一步研究,探讨了心墙堆石坝填筑与蓄水的全过程,并分析了坝体、心墙的应力与变形特征.计算结果表明,300 m级高土质心墙堆石坝变形、应力均在可接受的范围内,理论上是可行的.     

济阳-临清东部地区石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩二次生烃研究

济阳-临清东部地区上古生界石炭-二叠系煤系源岩是油气勘探的另一个重要领域。根据研究区沉积地层构造演化分析,不同的构造演化决定了不同的埋藏史演化;研究表明,中生代期间及新生代期间石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩存在“二次生烃”过程,石炭系煤系烃源岩是研究区的主力烃源岩,二叠系的次之;济阳坳陷累计生烃量大于临清东部地区的累计生烃量。     

遥感影像支持的实时导航应用研究

目前市场上导航软件均以矢量图或普通地图作为工作底图,与遥感影像相比,这些地图的现势性、导航精度及直观性都相对较弱。随着高分辨率遥感影像资源的日益丰富,利用遥感影像实现卫星导航将成为主流。本文利用串口通讯技术,从GPS接收器中读取相关定位信息,通过分析NMEA-0183数据格式将航点导入经过坐标匹配后的遥感影像中,实现实时导航目的。实验证明导航精度能够满足应用需求。     

Strategies of Successful Anti-Dam Movements: Evidence from Myanmar and Thailand

Scholars are rarely able to examine anti-dam movements that result in project suspensions or cancellations since these cases are rare empirically. Yet, they are central to understanding how anti-dam movements can succeed. This paper analyzes the movements against Myanmar’s Myitsone Dam and Thailand’s Kaeng Suea Ten Dam. Likely the most successful anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia in recent years, they achieved suspension over 6 and 37 years, respectively. The research is based on 60 semistructured interviews carried out over a period of 8 months. Leveraging thinking from both the constructionist and structural schools within the field of social movement studies, it is found that the framing of the Myitsone Dam as a project threatening the national cultural heritage of Myanmar (in combination with political change in the country in 2010/2011) largely explains the movement’s success. Meanwhile, the set of sophisticated tactics (including inter alia demonstrations, Thai Baan research, 24/7 monitoring of the dam site, and spiritual activities) was decisive for the efficacy of the movement against Thailand’s Kaeng Suea Ten Dam.